Debut of Peugeot 106, the smallest model of the French company, was held in 1991. First, the car was manufactured in the form of 3-door hatchback, but already in 1992 and has 5-door version. Small Peugeot 106 belongs to class B, has a transverse engine layout and manual gearbox.
Comfortable, economical and reliable car has been highly appreciated by the audience and won many admirers in Europe.
Compact dimensions peredneprivodnogo Peugeot 106 (total length of 3,56 m) permit excellent maneuvering in heavy urban traffic flow and not create additional problems with parking.
Series power units consisted of a gasoline engine: 1124 cm ³ / 60 hp 954 cm ³ / 50 hp, 1361 cm ³ / 75 hp, 1361 cm ³ / 94 hp
In 1992, the version with the body 5-door hatchback has received a diesel engine 1361 cm ³ / 50 hp
In 1993, the new petrol engines 1294 cm ³ / 98 hp and 1587 cm ³ (88/103 HP) A year later they added a new diesel engine volume of 1.5 l/57 hp
In 1995, begin to establish the 3-step automatic gearbox.
The interior is simple and nezateyliv. All very succinctly: there is no cover bardachka, nor the cigarette lighter or power windows. Airbags for the driver became offered only since 1995.
Access ago, even with three Peugeot 106 is quite easy: the front seat with the leaves turning a bit more. But the rear seats out a little. 215 liters of luggage space in the normal state and 528 liters with the rear seat folded.
In April 1996, the model was subjected to modernization. Some changed the car's appearance, but under the hood, a number of new power units.
The new range of engines now consisted of: 1.1 l/60 hp, 1.4 liters / 75 hp, 1.6 l/88 hp, 1.6 liters / 101 hp , 1,6 l 16 kl./118 hp, 1.5 l/57 hp diesel
A distinctive feature of Peugeot 106 was the careful assembly and high quality paint coating that preserves the appearance of a good car for many years.
Salon updated Peugeot 106 is very ergonomically placed. The front seats provide comfortable accommodation to sit on them quite comfortably thanks to a good lateral support, while a large area of glazing provides good visibility.
A Servo steering. Driving a car is simple and functional. For an additional cost, you can install anti-lock system.
Suggested several versions:
XN - with a very modest additional equipment
XR 1.1 - from the smallest fuel consumption of the entire range of 106's petrol engines
XRD - with a central locking system locks and power windows.
XS - 3-door version with a 1.6-liter engine produced since 1995
XSi - the most powerful engine in the entire range of cars 106 series. It has a good break and a nice lounge.
However, since 1999, demand for the Peugeot 106 has fallen severely. This explains how to market a large number of competitors, and that in late 1998 introduced a new model of Peugeot 206, which peremanila to a significant portion of buyers.
In 2002, Peugeot produced a limited series of Independence. Cars in this series remarkable for the fact that painted metallic one of 5 colors, has an original design of the cabin, and power steering. In the role of the main driving forces for this series is only one engine volume 1.1 liters.
In 2003, production of Peugeot 106 was discontinued. Receiver Peugeot 106 will appear in autumn 2005 and will be a code 107.
Monday, February 9, 2009
Peugeot
"Peugeot" (Peugeot SA), the largest private French automobile company, specializing in the production of passenger cars, sports and racing cars and special cars, motorcycles and bicycles, motors. In 1974 combined with the Peugeot-Citroen ( "Peugeot-Citroen) in a single group. The headquarters is in Paris.
The family of industrialists and engineers, Peugeot, is arising a race to the 15 century, retains its leadership position in the company and up to date. The Family Company "Brothers and sons of Peugeot in the second half of 19 century produced, in addition to its traditional hardware, bicycles and parts for the crews.
In 1889 Leon Serpolle built for the first steam car, rather good, taking part in the run steam cars on the route Paris-Lyon. But the head of cycling companies Armand Peugeot (Peugeot Armand), friends with Emile Levassor, one of the pioneers of the automotive industry in France, met with his help with the G. Daimler built his first car with a gasoline engine Daimler in 1891. Although the model does not differ particularly original, inspired by the success of Armand in the creation of next year, a series consisting of 10 different types of machines. One of the cars involved in the cycling mileage of Paris-Brest-Paris in the same year and has attracted worldwide attention. This proved a beginner carmakers that an important component of commercial success can be a road race.
In 1892 Peugeot gets interesting order - for the Algerian bey produces elegant car with a 4-cylinder engine and the body of molten silver (this model is the unique decoration of the museum firms). Machine Peugeot was involved in the world's first automobile race - a great run "the Paris-Rouen July 22, 1894, coming second after the steam train De DionButon.
In 1895, the company sold 72 cars, and in 1899 - already 300. Reason automobile company, known as "The Company Car Peugeot refers to 1896.
"Peugeot" in the early 20 th century, in line with trends of the time trying to create a cheap car, the most simple, reliable and adapted to urban conditions. For this purpose, the company invited a distinguished engineer and designer E. Bugatti. This prototype "people's car" was created by them Bebe Peugeot ( "Malyshka Peugeot). But was not forgotten, and another in the company's activity - racing and record cars. Model Peugeot Goux 1913 speed 187 km, an absolute record of those years. The company introduces the first in France in these years, conveyor assembly, purchasing the rights to this method from the engineer E. Taylor.
After his death in 1915 A. Peugeot business continued its other family members. Targeting low-volume cars "Peugeot" continues in the first years after the 1 st World War, when the market is efficient "Kvadriletta" (Peugeot Quadrilette). For customers with higher demands and a thick purse made powerful sedan.
Gradually, in the company left join such a great footprint in the automotive history, as "Bellanzher" (Bellanger) and great in the past, "De Dion-bud" (De Dion-Bouton; 1927). Even during the "Great Depression" of the company managed to maintain their market position through improved production of small cars available to a wide range of buyers. Sedan, Peugeot 402 was an attempt to save the middle class market for cars. During the Second World War of "Peugeot" under the control of Volkswagen.
After the war the policy of the company, focuses on the midget car, aptly fit into the general trends in Europe. But in 60 years, according to market requirements "Peugeot" was created in collaboration with the great body designer Pininfarinoy the new models for more demanding and a wealthy buyer.
In 1966, "Peugeot" sign an agreement with Renault to combine the technical resources to the agreement and joins the Swedish company Volvo.
In 1974 "Peugeot" combined with "Sitroenom" into a single group (in the arms of the "Peugeot" with "Sitroenom" and the unit enters "PanarLevassor" is now a world leader in the manufacture of armored vehicles), and in 1978 of the "Peugeot" is Chrysler Europe ", which became the foundation office Talbot (" Talbot "produces cars and trucks. Saves the company and a leading position in the European market bicycles and motorcycles.
Despite its small growth in his time Peugeot 205 has become a big success for the company. Career of the original car lasted from 1983 to 1995, and its success is reflected even in the French advertising slogan - "a sacred number" (meaning the index model).
For the first time Peugeot 605 was presented to the public in Frankfurt in 1989 and since then has been modernized. In 1998, the car is offered in the most complete performance of the new Signature. The most comfortable and respectable middle-class sedan in the Peugeot - Model 605 is now replaced by the Peugeot 607. The modification of engines, bodywork and interior - 1993, 1995.
In August of 1991 was introduced by Peugeot 106, a compact car with a transverse arrangement of the engine and front drive. Since August 1992 issued pyatidvernaya changed with a diesel engine volume 1.4 liters. In April 1996 a new generation model.
In 1993, followed by upgrading Peugeot 405 - a typical representative of the middle class.
in January 1993 represented the first time Peugeot 306, a compact car is the lower middle class. In autumn 1993 issued convertible. In 1997 in Geneva shows the model with new design and body universal.
VZheneve in marte1994 went Peugeot 806 minivan joint production of Peugeot / Citroen and Fiat / Lancia arrangement with transverse engine and front drive. The car has two modifications - SR and ST. Since early 1996 the car is equipped with a turbocharged diesel engine, since the summer of 1999 - Diesel 2,0 HDi.
Successor model 405 Peugeot 406, a middle class car, was first presented in summer 1995. Sedan, Class D, can be described as success. Particularly interested in buying this model, increased after restyling the spring of 1999 with the fall of 1996 produced changed with touring bodywork. In autumn 1996 a model of Peugeot 406 Coupe, designed by Pininfarina.
In 1996 came Peugeot Partner - touring with a transverse engine layout. Structurally identical Citroen Berlingo. The car has various modification - double the cargo van, five freight wagon Combi, five comfortable cargo van CombiSpace.
For the first time Peugeot 206 was introduced in summer 1998. This car can be called a great success since the legendary Peugeot 205 model. If you do not say more: the model 206 became the fastest selling in the history of the company. At the Paris Motor Show 2000, the long-awaited debut gig, got the name 206 CC (Coupe Cabriolet).
In September 1999 in Frankfurt before it Peugeot 607, the upper middle-class car with a transverse arrangement of the engine and front drive.
In 2000, a few daring concept cars. Model Promethee - Golf hatchback class.
"Peugeot-307" was presented to the public at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2001.
Companies' Peugeot 'exist all over the world. The company, keeping in range of their products once brought her success bantam, and produces models such as Peugeot 406, Xantia ( "Xanthi"), Citroen Berlingo, etc.
The family of industrialists and engineers, Peugeot, is arising a race to the 15 century, retains its leadership position in the company and up to date. The Family Company "Brothers and sons of Peugeot in the second half of 19 century produced, in addition to its traditional hardware, bicycles and parts for the crews.
In 1889 Leon Serpolle built for the first steam car, rather good, taking part in the run steam cars on the route Paris-Lyon. But the head of cycling companies Armand Peugeot (Peugeot Armand), friends with Emile Levassor, one of the pioneers of the automotive industry in France, met with his help with the G. Daimler built his first car with a gasoline engine Daimler in 1891. Although the model does not differ particularly original, inspired by the success of Armand in the creation of next year, a series consisting of 10 different types of machines. One of the cars involved in the cycling mileage of Paris-Brest-Paris in the same year and has attracted worldwide attention. This proved a beginner carmakers that an important component of commercial success can be a road race.
In 1892 Peugeot gets interesting order - for the Algerian bey produces elegant car with a 4-cylinder engine and the body of molten silver (this model is the unique decoration of the museum firms). Machine Peugeot was involved in the world's first automobile race - a great run "the Paris-Rouen July 22, 1894, coming second after the steam train De DionButon.
In 1895, the company sold 72 cars, and in 1899 - already 300. Reason automobile company, known as "The Company Car Peugeot refers to 1896.
"Peugeot" in the early 20 th century, in line with trends of the time trying to create a cheap car, the most simple, reliable and adapted to urban conditions. For this purpose, the company invited a distinguished engineer and designer E. Bugatti. This prototype "people's car" was created by them Bebe Peugeot ( "Malyshka Peugeot). But was not forgotten, and another in the company's activity - racing and record cars. Model Peugeot Goux 1913 speed 187 km, an absolute record of those years. The company introduces the first in France in these years, conveyor assembly, purchasing the rights to this method from the engineer E. Taylor.
After his death in 1915 A. Peugeot business continued its other family members. Targeting low-volume cars "Peugeot" continues in the first years after the 1 st World War, when the market is efficient "Kvadriletta" (Peugeot Quadrilette). For customers with higher demands and a thick purse made powerful sedan.
Gradually, in the company left join such a great footprint in the automotive history, as "Bellanzher" (Bellanger) and great in the past, "De Dion-bud" (De Dion-Bouton; 1927). Even during the "Great Depression" of the company managed to maintain their market position through improved production of small cars available to a wide range of buyers. Sedan, Peugeot 402 was an attempt to save the middle class market for cars. During the Second World War of "Peugeot" under the control of Volkswagen.
After the war the policy of the company, focuses on the midget car, aptly fit into the general trends in Europe. But in 60 years, according to market requirements "Peugeot" was created in collaboration with the great body designer Pininfarinoy the new models for more demanding and a wealthy buyer.
In 1966, "Peugeot" sign an agreement with Renault to combine the technical resources to the agreement and joins the Swedish company Volvo.
In 1974 "Peugeot" combined with "Sitroenom" into a single group (in the arms of the "Peugeot" with "Sitroenom" and the unit enters "PanarLevassor" is now a world leader in the manufacture of armored vehicles), and in 1978 of the "Peugeot" is Chrysler Europe ", which became the foundation office Talbot (" Talbot "produces cars and trucks. Saves the company and a leading position in the European market bicycles and motorcycles.
Despite its small growth in his time Peugeot 205 has become a big success for the company. Career of the original car lasted from 1983 to 1995, and its success is reflected even in the French advertising slogan - "a sacred number" (meaning the index model).
For the first time Peugeot 605 was presented to the public in Frankfurt in 1989 and since then has been modernized. In 1998, the car is offered in the most complete performance of the new Signature. The most comfortable and respectable middle-class sedan in the Peugeot - Model 605 is now replaced by the Peugeot 607. The modification of engines, bodywork and interior - 1993, 1995.
In August of 1991 was introduced by Peugeot 106, a compact car with a transverse arrangement of the engine and front drive. Since August 1992 issued pyatidvernaya changed with a diesel engine volume 1.4 liters. In April 1996 a new generation model.
In 1993, followed by upgrading Peugeot 405 - a typical representative of the middle class.
in January 1993 represented the first time Peugeot 306, a compact car is the lower middle class. In autumn 1993 issued convertible. In 1997 in Geneva shows the model with new design and body universal.
VZheneve in marte1994 went Peugeot 806 minivan joint production of Peugeot / Citroen and Fiat / Lancia arrangement with transverse engine and front drive. The car has two modifications - SR and ST. Since early 1996 the car is equipped with a turbocharged diesel engine, since the summer of 1999 - Diesel 2,0 HDi.
Successor model 405 Peugeot 406, a middle class car, was first presented in summer 1995. Sedan, Class D, can be described as success. Particularly interested in buying this model, increased after restyling the spring of 1999 with the fall of 1996 produced changed with touring bodywork. In autumn 1996 a model of Peugeot 406 Coupe, designed by Pininfarina.
In 1996 came Peugeot Partner - touring with a transverse engine layout. Structurally identical Citroen Berlingo. The car has various modification - double the cargo van, five freight wagon Combi, five comfortable cargo van CombiSpace.
For the first time Peugeot 206 was introduced in summer 1998. This car can be called a great success since the legendary Peugeot 205 model. If you do not say more: the model 206 became the fastest selling in the history of the company. At the Paris Motor Show 2000, the long-awaited debut gig, got the name 206 CC (Coupe Cabriolet).
In September 1999 in Frankfurt before it Peugeot 607, the upper middle-class car with a transverse arrangement of the engine and front drive.
In 2000, a few daring concept cars. Model Promethee - Golf hatchback class.
"Peugeot-307" was presented to the public at the Geneva Motor Show in March 2001.
Companies' Peugeot 'exist all over the world. The company, keeping in range of their products once brought her success bantam, and produces models such as Peugeot 406, Xantia ( "Xanthi"), Citroen Berlingo, etc.
Sunday, February 8, 2009
2nd District of Paris
What would understand the spirit of the area of Paris, just a walk on the boulevard Sebastopol. Here and shops, and architecture, and people who snuyut in the streets all day and do not understand, who works in Paris? Generally, the best way to explore Paris, to do it walking, crossing the border areas, and feeling different moods ... see the intersection of time and space. And little Paris, suddenly turns into a huge metropolis, and it suddenly becomes a small quiet village.
This area is known for its majestic buildings constructed in the early 20 th century for the large textile syndicates and most major newspapers and magazines. The architects used the new techniques, where the stone walls of the building and hid for the whole facade of glass, which was justified not only by new currents in architecture, and industrial necessity. Therefore, as publishers and textile factories were in need of extensive coverage of the premises. A striking example of an industrial building at the address: 124 rue Réaumur (architecte Georges Chedanne, 1905)
Quartier du Sentier
This is a great center of fashion industry. Here are concentrated the production of clothing and accessories. Since the 19 th century, a large number of buildings were constructed with the need for daylight, and this quarter, until today has not changed its specialization. Fashion and multimedia exercise authority is now the second century.
La place du Caire, Cairo area.
Cairo and the streets around the mall, due to its name and design of Egypt. This is all focused on Napoleon's campaign in 1798. Clear in the same year, for many years this quarter, specialized in producing mannequins for shop windows.
Quartier Montorgueil.
Nowadays, very оживлен the area and from neighboring areas come here to shop. A particularly strong influence on the change in the situation that in 1990 made a pedestrian zone is a lively place where the market is always ready to offer you all the most recent.
Bridge laid out with marble, have a lot of seating and restored the beauty of the past facades.
Tour de Jean sans Peur, 20 rue Etienne Marcel
Duke Burgonsky, Jean fearless in the struggle for the throne from his brother King Charles 6, killed the Duke of Orleans, Louis. This is an event in 1407, provoked a civil war. Then, the duke had strengthened his castle in order to avoid retaliation (although he was assassinated in 1419). Then in 1543, it was destroyed by François the first.
The fortress tower is actually the only monument the Middle Ages, preserved in a pristine form.
This area is known for its majestic buildings constructed in the early 20 th century for the large textile syndicates and most major newspapers and magazines. The architects used the new techniques, where the stone walls of the building and hid for the whole facade of glass, which was justified not only by new currents in architecture, and industrial necessity. Therefore, as publishers and textile factories were in need of extensive coverage of the premises. A striking example of an industrial building at the address: 124 rue Réaumur (architecte Georges Chedanne, 1905)
Quartier du Sentier
This is a great center of fashion industry. Here are concentrated the production of clothing and accessories. Since the 19 th century, a large number of buildings were constructed with the need for daylight, and this quarter, until today has not changed its specialization. Fashion and multimedia exercise authority is now the second century.
La place du Caire, Cairo area.
Cairo and the streets around the mall, due to its name and design of Egypt. This is all focused on Napoleon's campaign in 1798. Clear in the same year, for many years this quarter, specialized in producing mannequins for shop windows.
Quartier Montorgueil.
Nowadays, very оживлен the area and from neighboring areas come here to shop. A particularly strong influence on the change in the situation that in 1990 made a pedestrian zone is a lively place where the market is always ready to offer you all the most recent.
Bridge laid out with marble, have a lot of seating and restored the beauty of the past facades.
Tour de Jean sans Peur, 20 rue Etienne Marcel
Duke Burgonsky, Jean fearless in the struggle for the throne from his brother King Charles 6, killed the Duke of Orleans, Louis. This is an event in 1407, provoked a civil war. Then, the duke had strengthened his castle in order to avoid retaliation (although he was assassinated in 1419). Then in 1543, it was destroyed by François the first.
The fortress tower is actually the only monument the Middle Ages, preserved in a pristine form.
1st district of Paris
Ile de la cite ... defended the island royal rule of law and religion from 3 PA5 century. This is the heart of Paris, where he started. All the monuments that you have read or heard, are concentrated in this place. To say almost all but certain that the most ancient, very historic and very Parisian. Arondisman avoiding walk it, you can say with pride that they saw Paris.
More information about each monument, you can find information on individual sites or in the historical books, as well as guidebooks, which produces a large quantity of any publisher. We just remind you that you can not skip past the disastrous his sight.
Palais de Justice in the history of the French Middle Ages the island was a place represents the royal authority, between the left bank, where the commercial part of town and right, a student bank. After the 14 th century, King has moved, the island remained a symbol of parliamentary power, and today he is a symbol of law and jurisprudence. It is well-protected fortress serves as protection for many royal dynasties. And at the end of 14 century, King moved to the Louvre. Probably not despite, but because of fires that occurred in 1618 and 1776 years, the palace was reconstructed. All businesses have disappeared from the island in 1840. Since the Second Empire, the palace was extended and grew until 1914. Today, architecture is composed of buildings constructed at different times, on this, it contains a wide variety of styles.
At the corner of quai de l'Horloge et du boulevard du Palais, is a tower with a clock, subsidized age 14. It was the first public clock, which have been subjected to restore many times, but unfortunately today they are not working. North facade of the building is in contact with the Seine, until the embankment in 1611. Three round towers date back to 1300 year.
Another tower is called TOWER SILVER, because it kept the crown jewels. In the third tower to interview the prisoners. They were tortured and forced to confess to the misconduct. Hidden under the ground of the towers never reconstructed and preserved in its original form, while the upper overground constructions were rebuilt in the neo-gothic style in 1860. It was rebuilt in the western facade, which would emphasize the prospect of a new building , and destroyed part of going to la place Dauphine. The main entrance has been transformed into a classical style in 1786, and a magnificent openwork lattice. the palace of justice in a golden room, where he was located a revolutionary tribunal in 1793. There was the trial of Marie Antoinette.
Pont Neuf 1607.
Oddly, despite its name which translates as «New Bridge», is the oldest bridge in Paris. The first bridge constructed of stone. Construction began in 1578 for what would facilitate communication between the Louvre and Saint-Zhermenskim Abbey, and only in 1607 the bridge was opened by Henri fourth. Most immediately gained a huge success. The French appreciated the architectural innovations such as: lack of housing, which allows to see the Louvre and a beautiful view of the Seine, semicircular arches, between the pillars, making the bridge very elegant. And to our own times, the bridge is not reversed.
Top de la Samaritaine, rue de la Monnaie
Four shop Samariten built in 1900 and 1928, lawmakers have become the architectural guidelines for commercial buildings of the early 20 th century. As well as new business ideas and Ernest Konak and his wife Louise Zhey were the founders of large department stores the 19 th century. Their new policy sales helped win a huge audience of customers. They suggested fitting cockpit, fixed price with price tags, informs the customer, and other innovations trade. It is a small boutique in 1869 was replaced after 30 years, new and beautiful building, which was revolutionary, and even what it was designed with the use of visible metal structures.
Squat d'artistes Electron libre "chez Robert", 59 rue de Rivoli
Walking along the street Rivoli, you can not see the old building decorated with whimsical manner different bottles, jars, angels and wings. A lot of graffiti and posters placed on the facade of the building ... It looks like a demo. But this is the case, it is a creative manifestation. Since its opening in 1999, more than 200 artists have taken the building area of more than 1,500 square meters, opening their studios there. Then they lost the process and had to leave the building in 2001. And in a sign does not agree with this decision, artists have created a web in which prodeklarirovali their desire to be free and independent in a very bright and easy way.
Le Louvre.
The biggest museum of France and the Royal Gallery of Art. He was a favorite place of the rulers at all times from the beginning of its establishment, therefore, reflects many epochs and regimes. In 1190 Philippe-Auguste, made out of this fortress, vyryv on the perimeter trench and filling it with water, and built a central tower, which was a lookout, while the King of a secret refuge for the siege. But, since 1515, François has begun to transform the castle into the palace in the style of Renaissance. Heinrich 4, combines the Louvre and the Tuileries Palace, the two tubes, which were displayed the royal art collections. In the 17 th century, Louis 14, the colossal reconstruction and did the dominant style of French classicism. The courtyard has been opened to the public and was even lit. In 1793, the palace became a museum. And when again there was the intention to merge with the Louvre fortress Tilri, she was burned municipality in 1871 ...
Pyramide du Louvre
in 1981 in the Louvre began work long associated with the transformation of the type of interior courtyard. The Ministry of Finance located in the Louvre, it was moved to another building and this has allowed an additional increase in the museum space to 25,000 square meters. In the work of not only building a new entrance to the museum, but also update the entire facade, bringing in the order of the Tuileries garden, repair work of the museum of decorative arts. The underground part was transformed into a large space with restaurants, shops, books, souvenirs, and places for various activities. It is under the pyramid, are impressions of many couturiers. You can see the collection of Alena Akhmadulina and Andrew Chapurin (of course during the week of fashion). At this point, modernity is closely intersects with history.
It focused museums such as:
Musée des arts décoratifs, 107 rue de Rivoli
Musée de la mode et du textile, 107 rue de Rivoli
Musée de la publicité, 107 rue de Rivoli
Garden Tyuelri not possibly miss, it is beautiful and majesty but at the same time intimate and individual. In 1666, Andre Le Notre, has transformed the small garden of the Tuileries in the castle park with large avenues, which were the outline for the future the Champs Elysees. Hundreds of statues adorned the new park. Giving it a museum under the open sky.
Musée de l'Orangerie
The former orangery Tuileries Gardens, has long been an exhibition hall, where on the first floor presents the masterpieces of great artists such as Cezanne, Renoir, Picasso and other Impressionists.
Place Vendôme
Almost any city route passed through this highly geometric area. Its form has served to emphasize and highlight equestrian statue of King, which was located in the center, since the area undergoing many changes in the 18 st century, it was decided to cross only one street, that would make the greatness salon charm. The statue of the king on the horse was returned to its central position, but during the revolution, pushed her into the depths of space, and the center of Napoleon soldiers hoisted the column of Fame winners Austerlitz battle. According to this model of a Roman colony was a French cast metal trophy Austrian guns. Bas-relief tells the story of a military company in 1805. Vendome area has been and remains a symbol of luxury ... The most expensive jewelry shops are located on the square and around it and on the approaches. In homes and galleries of the best and most expensive hotel you can visit the boutiques of major brands to buy gifts for every taste and a cup of the best hot chocolate in all of Paris.
Entrance to the subway station at the Palais-Royal-Musée du Louvre
This luxurious and unusual entry in the subway dedicated to those who hold their nights in entertainment and fun.
By Jean Michel Otoniel, created this masterpiece of colorful glass «pearl», as the thread nanizannyh to the aluminum frame, as the precious time of the Baroque. One can not help but walk down the street Rivoli. A great number of stores of all brands represented on it. You can buy everything yourself ... glasses, shoes, clothing, and accessories. You choose what you like. During the sales is just not able to move normally, because the street becomes a river, consisting of fashionable and beautiful people, seeking to become even more beautiful.
Everything in Paris to seek renewal and remain an absolute standard in all ages and for all generations: Be sure and just need to visit the Forum les Halles. It is a huge shopping mall under the ground, and the area around the crowded shops and restaurants. One of the best business books at the Center Georges Pompidou, which is one of the world-famous symbol of Paris!
Place des Victoires
area was established in 1685, in honor of the victory of Louis 14 in 1678. This area is also only a «framework» for the horse statue of King. The facades of buildings falling in the area, are very similar. The streets end at the square, they all wanted it, not against it. But then, the area changed and the harmony of the facades were destroyed by various restoration of buildings and their reconstruction. New Street is due to change and the area has lost its likuyusche gala appearance. However, it has retained its victorious in the heart of a statue of King winner and supports its status as a large number of boutiques and leading major brands.
Forum des Halles
Always, as opposed to political power of the island of the Cité, and the intellectual richness of the Latin Quarter, the maps were a place of commercial trade. This is the most important place of trade in Paris. In 1851, Napoleon ordered the architect 3 Baltaru create indoor pavilions that would sorganizovat wholesale trade in this place. In a place pavilions were destroyed and commercial heart has been moved outside of Paris. Only after the establishment of the station RER Châtelet-les Halles, and an underground passage for vehicles, was designed in a modern commercial center, where you can find almost everything. There is a municipal swimming pool and the largest movie theater.
Crypte Sainte-Agnès
Chapel of Sainte-Agnès is situated in the head church of Saint-Eustache. Today, over one of the portals remained emblem depicting a fish as a symbol of the success of the fish market, which was located at this place in the 13 st century. Near the church is a sculpture made of stone, which the author is Henri de Miller.
More information about each monument, you can find information on individual sites or in the historical books, as well as guidebooks, which produces a large quantity of any publisher. We just remind you that you can not skip past the disastrous his sight.
Palais de Justice in the history of the French Middle Ages the island was a place represents the royal authority, between the left bank, where the commercial part of town and right, a student bank. After the 14 th century, King has moved, the island remained a symbol of parliamentary power, and today he is a symbol of law and jurisprudence. It is well-protected fortress serves as protection for many royal dynasties. And at the end of 14 century, King moved to the Louvre. Probably not despite, but because of fires that occurred in 1618 and 1776 years, the palace was reconstructed. All businesses have disappeared from the island in 1840. Since the Second Empire, the palace was extended and grew until 1914. Today, architecture is composed of buildings constructed at different times, on this, it contains a wide variety of styles.
At the corner of quai de l'Horloge et du boulevard du Palais, is a tower with a clock, subsidized age 14. It was the first public clock, which have been subjected to restore many times, but unfortunately today they are not working. North facade of the building is in contact with the Seine, until the embankment in 1611. Three round towers date back to 1300 year.
Another tower is called TOWER SILVER, because it kept the crown jewels. In the third tower to interview the prisoners. They were tortured and forced to confess to the misconduct. Hidden under the ground of the towers never reconstructed and preserved in its original form, while the upper overground constructions were rebuilt in the neo-gothic style in 1860. It was rebuilt in the western facade, which would emphasize the prospect of a new building , and destroyed part of going to la place Dauphine. The main entrance has been transformed into a classical style in 1786, and a magnificent openwork lattice. the palace of justice in a golden room, where he was located a revolutionary tribunal in 1793. There was the trial of Marie Antoinette.
Pont Neuf 1607.
Oddly, despite its name which translates as «New Bridge», is the oldest bridge in Paris. The first bridge constructed of stone. Construction began in 1578 for what would facilitate communication between the Louvre and Saint-Zhermenskim Abbey, and only in 1607 the bridge was opened by Henri fourth. Most immediately gained a huge success. The French appreciated the architectural innovations such as: lack of housing, which allows to see the Louvre and a beautiful view of the Seine, semicircular arches, between the pillars, making the bridge very elegant. And to our own times, the bridge is not reversed.
Top de la Samaritaine, rue de la Monnaie
Four shop Samariten built in 1900 and 1928, lawmakers have become the architectural guidelines for commercial buildings of the early 20 th century. As well as new business ideas and Ernest Konak and his wife Louise Zhey were the founders of large department stores the 19 th century. Their new policy sales helped win a huge audience of customers. They suggested fitting cockpit, fixed price with price tags, informs the customer, and other innovations trade. It is a small boutique in 1869 was replaced after 30 years, new and beautiful building, which was revolutionary, and even what it was designed with the use of visible metal structures.
Squat d'artistes Electron libre "chez Robert", 59 rue de Rivoli
Walking along the street Rivoli, you can not see the old building decorated with whimsical manner different bottles, jars, angels and wings. A lot of graffiti and posters placed on the facade of the building ... It looks like a demo. But this is the case, it is a creative manifestation. Since its opening in 1999, more than 200 artists have taken the building area of more than 1,500 square meters, opening their studios there. Then they lost the process and had to leave the building in 2001. And in a sign does not agree with this decision, artists have created a web in which prodeklarirovali their desire to be free and independent in a very bright and easy way.
Le Louvre.
The biggest museum of France and the Royal Gallery of Art. He was a favorite place of the rulers at all times from the beginning of its establishment, therefore, reflects many epochs and regimes. In 1190 Philippe-Auguste, made out of this fortress, vyryv on the perimeter trench and filling it with water, and built a central tower, which was a lookout, while the King of a secret refuge for the siege. But, since 1515, François has begun to transform the castle into the palace in the style of Renaissance. Heinrich 4, combines the Louvre and the Tuileries Palace, the two tubes, which were displayed the royal art collections. In the 17 th century, Louis 14, the colossal reconstruction and did the dominant style of French classicism. The courtyard has been opened to the public and was even lit. In 1793, the palace became a museum. And when again there was the intention to merge with the Louvre fortress Tilri, she was burned municipality in 1871 ...
Pyramide du Louvre
in 1981 in the Louvre began work long associated with the transformation of the type of interior courtyard. The Ministry of Finance located in the Louvre, it was moved to another building and this has allowed an additional increase in the museum space to 25,000 square meters. In the work of not only building a new entrance to the museum, but also update the entire facade, bringing in the order of the Tuileries garden, repair work of the museum of decorative arts. The underground part was transformed into a large space with restaurants, shops, books, souvenirs, and places for various activities. It is under the pyramid, are impressions of many couturiers. You can see the collection of Alena Akhmadulina and Andrew Chapurin (of course during the week of fashion). At this point, modernity is closely intersects with history.
It focused museums such as:
Musée des arts décoratifs, 107 rue de Rivoli
Musée de la mode et du textile, 107 rue de Rivoli
Musée de la publicité, 107 rue de Rivoli
Garden Tyuelri not possibly miss, it is beautiful and majesty but at the same time intimate and individual. In 1666, Andre Le Notre, has transformed the small garden of the Tuileries in the castle park with large avenues, which were the outline for the future the Champs Elysees. Hundreds of statues adorned the new park. Giving it a museum under the open sky.
Musée de l'Orangerie
The former orangery Tuileries Gardens, has long been an exhibition hall, where on the first floor presents the masterpieces of great artists such as Cezanne, Renoir, Picasso and other Impressionists.
Place Vendôme
Almost any city route passed through this highly geometric area. Its form has served to emphasize and highlight equestrian statue of King, which was located in the center, since the area undergoing many changes in the 18 st century, it was decided to cross only one street, that would make the greatness salon charm. The statue of the king on the horse was returned to its central position, but during the revolution, pushed her into the depths of space, and the center of Napoleon soldiers hoisted the column of Fame winners Austerlitz battle. According to this model of a Roman colony was a French cast metal trophy Austrian guns. Bas-relief tells the story of a military company in 1805. Vendome area has been and remains a symbol of luxury ... The most expensive jewelry shops are located on the square and around it and on the approaches. In homes and galleries of the best and most expensive hotel you can visit the boutiques of major brands to buy gifts for every taste and a cup of the best hot chocolate in all of Paris.
Entrance to the subway station at the Palais-Royal-Musée du Louvre
This luxurious and unusual entry in the subway dedicated to those who hold their nights in entertainment and fun.
By Jean Michel Otoniel, created this masterpiece of colorful glass «pearl», as the thread nanizannyh to the aluminum frame, as the precious time of the Baroque. One can not help but walk down the street Rivoli. A great number of stores of all brands represented on it. You can buy everything yourself ... glasses, shoes, clothing, and accessories. You choose what you like. During the sales is just not able to move normally, because the street becomes a river, consisting of fashionable and beautiful people, seeking to become even more beautiful.
Everything in Paris to seek renewal and remain an absolute standard in all ages and for all generations: Be sure and just need to visit the Forum les Halles. It is a huge shopping mall under the ground, and the area around the crowded shops and restaurants. One of the best business books at the Center Georges Pompidou, which is one of the world-famous symbol of Paris!
Place des Victoires
area was established in 1685, in honor of the victory of Louis 14 in 1678. This area is also only a «framework» for the horse statue of King. The facades of buildings falling in the area, are very similar. The streets end at the square, they all wanted it, not against it. But then, the area changed and the harmony of the facades were destroyed by various restoration of buildings and their reconstruction. New Street is due to change and the area has lost its likuyusche gala appearance. However, it has retained its victorious in the heart of a statue of King winner and supports its status as a large number of boutiques and leading major brands.
Forum des Halles
Always, as opposed to political power of the island of the Cité, and the intellectual richness of the Latin Quarter, the maps were a place of commercial trade. This is the most important place of trade in Paris. In 1851, Napoleon ordered the architect 3 Baltaru create indoor pavilions that would sorganizovat wholesale trade in this place. In a place pavilions were destroyed and commercial heart has been moved outside of Paris. Only after the establishment of the station RER Châtelet-les Halles, and an underground passage for vehicles, was designed in a modern commercial center, where you can find almost everything. There is a municipal swimming pool and the largest movie theater.
Crypte Sainte-Agnès
Chapel of Sainte-Agnès is situated in the head church of Saint-Eustache. Today, over one of the portals remained emblem depicting a fish as a symbol of the success of the fish market, which was located at this place in the 13 st century. Near the church is a sculpture made of stone, which the author is Henri de Miller.
Transportation
In Paris, as in any megalopolis, there are several modes of transport. Metro, bus, rapid metro (RER), taxis, commuter trains and trams have recently emerged. And, of course, can not forget the special buses, which will help you get to the Airport. Charles de Gaulle, as well as trains. But that would have been easier for you to choose the type of transportation, we will tell you more about each of them.
The most public of them - the subway.
Metro.
The Government of Paris in the creation of the underground planned their maximum accessibility and simplicity. This is now every 10 minutes to your walk, you'll stumble upon the underground station. A vast network of intersecting lines as a spider's web, will help you easily get to any place in Paris with a maximum of one change.
Time interval between stations is equal to an average of 1 minute, so when you know your destination, you can easily calculate the time for you to get it. Calculate the number of stations, add 10 minutes per shift and 3-5 minutes of waiting a train, so you get the net time of your journey. But do not forget that you still have to get to the subway station.
This is the most reliable and fastest mode of transportation you can use from 5.30 to 0.50 or to 1.20 (on some routes), although there is a schedule of trains at each station and you can always be aware of.
Metro truly secure all other terrestrial modes of transport, because there are no traffic jams and traffic lights and the only thing that may surprise you to prevent this accident or a strike of the subway (the truth of it is usually known for several weeks).
The fare on the subway 1.40 euros, but to save you can buy a set of 10 tickets for 10.50 euros, or buy a single pass for the day for 5.50. tickets purchased in the subway is valid also for travel in the bus.
Buses in Paris as well to the movement, first, because when you travel you can enjoy beautiful views of city, and secondly, they use the traffic lane roads separately identified and so rarely get in the stoppers.
However, you can get vprosak, looking for the bus stop, because they do not always stop to the various strands of the same route, are located opposite each other, that traditionally in Russia. So, that would not waste your time or ask about the location of the stops on the plan, or ask passers (not only in German).
However, if public transport is not your destiny and you prefer a taxi, you will have to abandon the habit barsky vzmahivat right hand, with the first desire to catch the car. To begin with, the private izvoz in France as there is no phenomenon of this, you will need to use the machine with your friends from childhood checkered. But these machines, you hardly you will find some just anywhere, though, of course, you can try through 30-40 minutes, you may be lucky, and yet a lot easier to find the taxi stand, which is marked by special signs and, in order «live» in the queue to get near the car. And it is worth it, because you'll be rewarded with a trip in the car of one of the latest models, the leading auto manufacturers.
Taxi rates vary by day and night, but the landing is always 2 euros, and then it all depends on the route, but on average, half of Paris, you can pass for 15 euros. Target yourself.
The road to the airport will cost you between 35 and 50 euros if you do not reach the cork. Avoid unpleasant surprises on the way to the airport will help you special buses. They depart from the Opera and from the area of Charles de Gaulle (where was erected the Arch of Triumph).
The second version of the road to the airport without strife and adventure is to go there to RER. This high-speed subway, which crosses Paris in a few stations and are designed to be that you could fall into the so-called «banle», that is, the suburbs of Paris, more simply, «Paris region».
The most important thing is that the RER has its own billing accuracy and cost of a ticket depends on the zone, which is your stop, or better just to call the station and the cashier will sell you just the ticket, which will help you get there without any problems to the point of destination.
And NEVER throw away the ticket, unless you went out again to the surface. In the subway, just because you can find controllers in the unexpected places, and RER, because when you exit, you will need to re-pass the ticket through a turnstile that would have opened it, and you can go. Fine for ticketless travel is 37 euros, and you can play as long as you want muffled-blind foreigner does not understand any language in the world, without money and relatives, without documents or with a crust-General of any troops, you still can not avoid paying a fine. You to the police station and find a way to pay. Believe me, if the BEST controller - it is the conscience, the most Terrible Supervisor - Paris.
Happy you travel to Paris!
Additional Information:
Discussion Forum "Hello, Paris!" >>
Related Sites:
Interactive map of Paris Transport:
http://www.ratp.info/orienter/cv/carteparis.php
The most public of them - the subway.
Metro.
The Government of Paris in the creation of the underground planned their maximum accessibility and simplicity. This is now every 10 minutes to your walk, you'll stumble upon the underground station. A vast network of intersecting lines as a spider's web, will help you easily get to any place in Paris with a maximum of one change.
Time interval between stations is equal to an average of 1 minute, so when you know your destination, you can easily calculate the time for you to get it. Calculate the number of stations, add 10 minutes per shift and 3-5 minutes of waiting a train, so you get the net time of your journey. But do not forget that you still have to get to the subway station.
This is the most reliable and fastest mode of transportation you can use from 5.30 to 0.50 or to 1.20 (on some routes), although there is a schedule of trains at each station and you can always be aware of.
Metro truly secure all other terrestrial modes of transport, because there are no traffic jams and traffic lights and the only thing that may surprise you to prevent this accident or a strike of the subway (the truth of it is usually known for several weeks).
The fare on the subway 1.40 euros, but to save you can buy a set of 10 tickets for 10.50 euros, or buy a single pass for the day for 5.50. tickets purchased in the subway is valid also for travel in the bus.
Buses in Paris as well to the movement, first, because when you travel you can enjoy beautiful views of city, and secondly, they use the traffic lane roads separately identified and so rarely get in the stoppers.
However, you can get vprosak, looking for the bus stop, because they do not always stop to the various strands of the same route, are located opposite each other, that traditionally in Russia. So, that would not waste your time or ask about the location of the stops on the plan, or ask passers (not only in German).
However, if public transport is not your destiny and you prefer a taxi, you will have to abandon the habit barsky vzmahivat right hand, with the first desire to catch the car. To begin with, the private izvoz in France as there is no phenomenon of this, you will need to use the machine with your friends from childhood checkered. But these machines, you hardly you will find some just anywhere, though, of course, you can try through 30-40 minutes, you may be lucky, and yet a lot easier to find the taxi stand, which is marked by special signs and, in order «live» in the queue to get near the car. And it is worth it, because you'll be rewarded with a trip in the car of one of the latest models, the leading auto manufacturers.
Taxi rates vary by day and night, but the landing is always 2 euros, and then it all depends on the route, but on average, half of Paris, you can pass for 15 euros. Target yourself.
The road to the airport will cost you between 35 and 50 euros if you do not reach the cork. Avoid unpleasant surprises on the way to the airport will help you special buses. They depart from the Opera and from the area of Charles de Gaulle (where was erected the Arch of Triumph).
The second version of the road to the airport without strife and adventure is to go there to RER. This high-speed subway, which crosses Paris in a few stations and are designed to be that you could fall into the so-called «banle», that is, the suburbs of Paris, more simply, «Paris region».
The most important thing is that the RER has its own billing accuracy and cost of a ticket depends on the zone, which is your stop, or better just to call the station and the cashier will sell you just the ticket, which will help you get there without any problems to the point of destination.
And NEVER throw away the ticket, unless you went out again to the surface. In the subway, just because you can find controllers in the unexpected places, and RER, because when you exit, you will need to re-pass the ticket through a turnstile that would have opened it, and you can go. Fine for ticketless travel is 37 euros, and you can play as long as you want muffled-blind foreigner does not understand any language in the world, without money and relatives, without documents or with a crust-General of any troops, you still can not avoid paying a fine. You to the police station and find a way to pay. Believe me, if the BEST controller - it is the conscience, the most Terrible Supervisor - Paris.
Happy you travel to Paris!
Additional Information:
Discussion Forum "Hello, Paris!" >>
Related Sites:
Interactive map of Paris Transport:
http://www.ratp.info/orienter/cv/carteparis.php
Angers
Angers, lying on the banks of the river Mayen, from ancient times has been busy the proud Celtic tribes, stubbornly resistant to invasion of the Romans. In the IX century, after many years of invasions Norman, Nerra Fulk, Count Angevin, erected a fortified castle here. In the 1228-1238 biennium. St. Louis added to the castle are a set of walls. Subsequently, the ensemble was an even more expanded at the Louis I, Duke Angevin, and when Louis II, who commanded here to build a Gothic chapel.
One time, Angers was the seat of "good king" Rene Angevin, while the King of Sicily and Jerusalem, which went down in history as a benefactor of his citizens, and a brilliant writer, and he loved the holidays, tournaments, and often arranged in the castle knights stadium. An ancient manuscript, illustrated with miniatures, which author was the King Rene, shows us that splendor with which the tournaments were held in Angers Castle, where they were arranged in cages and also to menageries of exotic animals.
Which came before a long time for the religious wars as the reason for the decline castle, and in 1585 Heinrich III ordered him to destroy. However, pentagonal fortress with its cylindrical tower was so powerful that they succeeded to demolish only the roof ostroverhie towers. Since coming to power of Henry IV of the demolition of the building had been suspended to allow the lock to make the festival on the occasion of the betrothal of Caesar Vendôme with Françoise Lorraine.
Inside the castle you can see the famous tapestry in the plot Apocalypse ordered Louis I Angevin in 1373. This incomparable series woven paintings, original component in the length of 140 meters, was carried out by Nicolas Batayem of sketches Ennekena de Bryuzha.
Wallpapers illustrate the latest book of the Bible - "The Revelation of St. John the Divine." In 1400 tapestry kept in the Archdiocese of Arlya, and since 1474 - in the church of St. Mauritius in Angers. These tapestries, disappeared in 1782, were discovered in 1848 canon Zhuberom, who made their restoration. Each painting is an image of St. John, taking part in the events and explaining them. The original signature had to remove due to their poor preservation.
The subjects performed in the tapestries, remain mysterious and allegorical, sometimes difficult to read the meaning of texts "Revelation of St. John the Divine." At first the picture presented by the plot of St. John, who orders the Lord, begins to describe the "Vision of them for the benefit of The Seven Churches", depicted in the form of chapels.
Symbols that are present in this scene is repeated in all the tapestries, in particular on the following: the tapestry, where St. John saw the Messiah, surrounded by symbolic attributes and characters, depicting the essence of the Universe. After the scene to worship the Messiah image of St. John in tears caused by the revelation of divine mysteries, after submission of the Lamb. Horsemen Apocalypse appear on horses of different colors, accompanied by the souls who died serving the Lord God. Upon recognition of the elected mysteries occurring in the presence of God and the angels. In scenes of great earthquakes, fire star and eagle natural disaster yawn after the first four trumpet. When the fifth and sixth time vostrubili pipes, chaos of the universe multiplied.
The following panels St. John gives the interpretation of prophetic signs seven trumpets and thunderous strikes symbolically eat the book, taken from the hands of an angel. After John enjoyed the harmony of heaven, is a narration about the adventures of two witnesses, rescued by God, on the imminent coming of the Messiah and the great day of the trial.
Further illustrated chapter on Satan, presented in different guises: in the form of a dragon, threatening the world, attacking at birth, which protects the church of St. Michael, and fight against the believers, in the form of sea monsters, and finally, in the form of earthly monsters.
After the disturbing scenes of space disaster Angels from the New Testament heralds the destruction of Babylon, and for the punishment atheist. Saved taken righteous God, while the wicked befalls anger the Lord and the angels cut them like bunches of grapes. " For depicting the heavenly car, accompanied by the anger of the LORD, to the emergence of three monsters and Babylon - the mother of abomination of the earth ", which fails into the abyss along with the three monsters, and Satan.
Ends of a light trellis of Jerusalem, which knows perfection of St. John, before you fall down in front of Trinity.
AMBOISE
AMBOISE entered in the history of approximately 503 years, when Klovis King francs, met with King Visigoth Alarihom on the island of St. John, situated amidst the Loire, slightly below the modern castle.
AMBOISE repeatedly been subjected to raids of Norman, over time, was attached to the land Angevin graphs, and then became a private possession of the famous dynasty AMBOISE-Chaumont, and in 1422 passed by inheritance to Louis, Viscount de THOIRY. But on charges of involvement in a conspiracy against the king of the castle owner was convicted and deprived of his or her condition.
Since 1431 the castle became part of the royal domain - the estate. It has stayed Karl VII. For example, ceasing to be a very fortress castle AMBOISE turned into a royal residence, and in this city have been given considerable privilege. In AMBOISE born children of King Louis XI and Charlotte of Savoy, and the Queen with the children chose AMBOISE as his personal residence, while the king preferred to keep his yard in Plessi-le-Tour.
One of the major events in the rule of Louis XI was the establishment in AMBOISE 1 August, 1469 Order of St. Michael. On this day, the King gathered in the chapel of St. Michael vysokorodnyh fifteen barons and familiarized them with the charter of the Knights' Order, under which there was great political importance.
The Order of St. Michael to symbolize nobility and vassals Royal Crown. Dressed with great pomp in long silk cloaks, otorochennye ermine fur and embroidered with gold ornaments in the form of cups hilt, in the wide-brimmed hat of crimson velvet, high seniors vowed to live by the laws of the church and chivalry.
On this day AMBOISE became a place of grand ceremony to be included in the annals of the French kingdom.
The Queen, who died in AMBOISE in 1483, held here life worthy of its title. About 150 people were her entourage and the environment, all serve to make it a pleasant stay in the castle: apartments were richly decorated, furnished with furniture, filled with the precious utensils.
A Fortunate Life, which is held here in his younger years, the new King Karl VIII, explains his attachment to the place where he was born and raised. Here in AMBOISE, Square Karruar young dauphin at the age of 13 years met Margarita of Austria, granddaughter last Duke of Burgundy Charles bold that her father Maximilian of Austria had given him a wife. Margaret, who was only three years at the time of betrothal ceremony, lived in the castle AMBOISE until 1492, when she was very sad to return to Flanders, to give way to the Anne Bretanskoy on which Karl VIII married Dec. 6, 1491.
From that time on the orders of Charles VIII began extensive work on the reconstruction of the castle. To finance the construction has had to increase the tax on salt. It was magnificent. "He wants to make his castle town" - did not resist the exclamation Florentine ambassador, when he saw drawings of the future of the castle in 1493. The area occupied by the castle, to be significantly expanded. The medieval castle has given way to a huge square monolith in the form of a trapeze, the court divided into three: the main courtyard of the apartments of King, "Abode of virtues" in the south and the court called "donzhonom", on the western tip of the high plateau. Two round towers screw - Minimskaya and tower Gyurto - represented a curious architectural innovation. In the decoration of the interiors at first dominated the French direction, then it made its own contribution Flemish artists, and certainly after the return of the French kings from the hikes in 1495 there were decorative elements of Italian origin. Furnishing was magnificent, tapestry - from Flanders and France, draperies - from Damascus, carpets - from Turkey.
Extensive construction work to rebuild the castle-fortress graphs Angevin the residence worthy of the French Crown, were suddenly interrupted by an accident which occurred April 7, 1498. Charles VIII, accompanied the Queen on the gallery to look fashionable at the time the game ball, hit lbom on the low door, and after a few hours away. What to expect AMBOISE after the death of King, who was born here and died at the age of 28?
He was succeeded by the Duke of Orleans, the future Louis XII. He enjoyed Privolny calm to the Loire Valley, like his father, a famous poet, Charles of Orleans, who also loved AMBOISE. But it was Louis XII gave to the castle BLOIS, where during his tenure, he launched a violent civil works and firmly Breton, along with Anna, the widow of the late King, where he married Jan. 8, 1499. However AMBOISE was not completely abandoned, it remained a royal residence, as well as here in ten years, Louise of Savoy lived with their children - Princess Margarita Valois, and the future of Francis I.
Work on the reconstruction of the castle were resumed in the 1500-1501 biennium., And large supplies of stone allowed to continue the unfinished building. Since coming to power of Francis I lock acquires a new shine. From 1515 to 1518 he worked. King stayed here when he visited the banks of the Loire, this is what he called "a luxurious castle, and after the victory of Marinyanom he is back in AMBOISE in August 1516. Queen Claude has made here in the light of three of their children.
AMBOISE located in the heart of European political life, because, again, it is here that the most important agreements were signed at the start of Francis I: Nuayonsky peace treaty with the King of Spain, the Concordat with Pope Leo X, a peace agreement with Switzerland, Treaty Cambrai ( "Ladies' world ") to Emperor Charles V and the London Agreement with Henri VIII. Francis I is prepared as a candidate for the throne of the Empire and the nobles had people from Germany.
As a rule of Henry II of Catherine de Medici brought the AMBOISE, which brought up a lot of royal offspring. Subsequently, the castle was abandoned Valois dynasty. Arrived there Feb. 22, 1560 at the dawn of his reign the young king Francis II and his wife Mary Stuart, with his mother the Queen, with children, with his retinue and household was forced to flee as a result of a conspiracy in BLOIS Princes Conde, who broke at the beginning of the month. Sadly the famous plot to AMBOISE was severely depressed, and three years later, May 19, 1563 an agreement was reached between the queen mother Catherine de Medici and the Prince of Conde, ending the first rise of the religious strife and proclaimed freedom of religion for the sake of the highest aristocracy. Following these landmark events AMBOISE castle loses its meaning the royal residence, although there has stayed Louis XIII. In 1627 the castle was connected to the possession of Gaston Orleans, and in 1660 returned to the French Crown. But in reality, the castle was in poor condition and was not suitable for housing. In 1762 the Duke of Choiseul bought the castle, manor and surroundings AMBOISE, and in 1786 his heirs sold all the Duke de Pentevr. This prince, the grandson of Louis XIV, was the most wealthy nobles of that time, he owned more than 20 castles and mansions. In the years preceding the Revolution, he began work on the reconstruction of old and construction of new facilities at his residence, which in 1787 became the center of the Duchy-peerage.
During the Revolution, the castle was confiscated and suffered from looting. It was arranged and the barrack, even equipped with factory pugovichnaya between the "Abode of the Seven Virtues" and the band of St. Hubert. However, later in the era of the First Empire, AMBOISE has the greatest distortion and loss attributable to members of Parliament, Roger Dyuko, who received the castle as a gift from the Senate Orleans, but without the means to contain it, could not find a better solution as to destroy large part of it. In 1815 the residence was restored Dowager Duchess of Orleans, which resulted in the order of land and revived the castle.
In 1821, after the death of the Duchess of Orleans, her son, the future King Louis-Philippe, inherited the castle and estate AMBOISE. Louis-Philippe has acquired 46 homes and buildings surrounding the castle from the Minimskoy streets and near Gate Gyurto. His goal was to destroy these buildings to make room in front of the towers and walls, and thus provide access to the cellars, which stretched along the length of the castle and its services, ie, in the cellar, which was known as "old granary Julius Caesar."
From 1848 to 1852 he worked. in the castle as a surprise guest stayed Arabic Emir Abd al-Qader, who held here in honor of four years confinement until October 16, 1852 Prince-President Louis Napoleon Bonaparte was not here in person to declare him the news of the freedom.
Since 1974, the year of its founding, the Foundation supports the Castle of St. Louis in safety, and conducting the restoration work that began after the last war. Domestic gardens, in beautiful condition, attached to the castle extra charm and more than ever, it is at the end of the millennium, justifies the name given to TOURAINE - "Garden of France".
AZEY LE RIDEAU
Castle Azey-le-Rideau towers over the picturesque bend of the river Indre. The name "Azey" comes perhaps from Asiacus, the owner of the land. City Azey, founded back in the era of ancient Rome, turned with time into a powerful stone fortification from which to observe the sentinel wander through the Indre.
In the XII century the castle belonged to Rideau or Riedel d'Azey - the man famous for his cruelty, and nicknamed "devil's spawn." Heinrich II Plantagenet took all of his possession, which were then returned to Philip-August Rideau son - Hugo, Tyurennskomu knight true vassal king, who took part in the Battle of Buvine. In the early XV century castle in apparently belonged to the Duke of Burgundy. Humiliation caused dauphin, the future Charles VII, and his army, led in 1418 to the massacre of a fortress: 354 people from the garrison were killed, and the castle and village - burned and looted. From this moment because of the ruins of the city got its name Azey-le brulee (burned). And only a century later at the site of the old fortress was built castle, which stands to this day. To better understand the characteristics of the new castle, it is necessary to restore the chain of historical events of recent years, the XV century. Charles VIII and Louis XII made military campaigns in Italy and were surprised the rapid flowering of art and culture on the peninsula. Returning to France, they were attracted to his court many Italian artists, who were forced to work for themselves.
Loire Valley, which since the time of Charles VII chosen court, became a place where these artists have left their indelible footprint. The Italian influence, affecting the architecture of the castle AMBOISE and expressed in the conversion of the castle BLOIS, it soon became available in generic castles and mansions of the rich aristocracy, bourgeois. Gilles spit, the owner of estates in Azey-le-Rideau, was at the beginning of 1500 a major banker, whose father - Martin Berthelot - served as quartermaster in the Chamber of Finance of Louis XI and Karl VIII. For his part, Gil also made an excellent career and became the advisor to the King, the head of the Chamber of Accounts and the ruler of the city of Tura. His marriage with Philip Loeb, owner of the main part of the territory in Azey, gave him the opportunity to dispose of all the estate and to begin work on the construction of the castle.
Financial and political support provided by Zhilyu some members of his family, hold administrative positions, allowed him to begin in 1518 an extensive reconstruction of a medieval castle. During the summer of that year, 120 masons, under the leadership of Maître Etienne Rousseau began work on laying a foundation. Initially, it was necessary to remove the remnants of the destroyed castle and drain the area to score piles, which was to keep a strong structure. For construction use white sandstone of the valley of the River Cher. Stone brought by river to the Port-au-Sha'lan, near Waller, from the remaining 10 kilometers of it carried on the carts.
The castle with its unusual H-shaped marks the transition from Gothic to Renaissance, claiming a new concept for residential construction, which ceases to be a defensive fortress and becomes an elegant suburban residence. Only some specific details of the Gothic style, such as ostroverhie aspidnye roofs, and some defensive elements was made the spirit of the Renaissance. His special refined elegance of the building is under an obligation not only Maître Russo, sculptor and carpenter Mopuenu Pierre Jacques Toro, but also the wife of a noble liege - Philippe, who led the work, which gave the entire ensemble print elegant sophistication. Balzac, who, in the vicinity of Azey wrote his novel "Lily of the valley, described Azey:" climbed a cliff, I first admired the castle Azey, this diamond cut, pasted in the frame of water Andrew, stands on stilts, disguised with flowers. "
Outside the castle is surrounded by angle protruding towers, linked together at the top of the false sentinel belt, performing the role of decorative ornament. Design features, traditional old ancestral castles, harmoniously combined with decorative elements of the facades are clearly gravitating to the style of the Italian Renaissance. Sculpted pylons, crowned by capitals that support the eaves; lyukarny with gables, decorated volute dosserets and Nimba counties in the form of shells, as well as the symmetry of the entire ensemble as a whole reveal antikiziruyuschee the influence of Italian architecture. This is demonstrated in the grand staircase in the entrance to which is connected together through two doors, which were reliefs salamanders - emblem of Francis I, and ermine - emblems of Claude de France. Three high flyer aborted landings with paired windows, Italian loggias, with a beautiful view of the gardens. Caisson stone stairs adorned with arches arches with sculptured images (XIX a) The Kings and Queens XV and XVI centuries. The new design of the ladder making it one of the most remarkable specimens of French Renaissance architecture. Thanks to new artistic developments narrow spiral staircase of medieval buildings a thing of the past.
In the Renaissance in preference to stairs with straight wide marches, stairs, lit no loopholes, and the wide gap, giving not only the best coverage of the interior, but you can see the beautiful gardens. On the first floor of the castle is the Royal apartments, the Red bedroom and other rooms, including kitchen. On the second floor Dining Room, Ballroom, rest and peace I Francis Claude de France, as well as the blue bedroom.
Zhilyu Berthelot was unable to complete the construction of the castle. His cousin Samblanse, Superintendent of Financial Affairs, was accused of embezzling money from the public purse, and hanged in Monfokone. Gilles fled to the free city of Metz, to protect yourself from possible trouble. There, in exile, he died ten years later. Francis I seized the castle and all its contents, and handed him the captain of his guards - Antoine Raffinu, which finished construction work.
Subsequently, when Francis I finally moved his residence in Paris, meaning TOURAINE fell. Azey Chateau-le-Rideau passed into the hands of families Kosee de Gonnor, Sept Jelly de Lusignan and de Vassa. In 1603 built a chapel, served as a family burial place for the owners of the castle, which, since that time constantly succeeded one another.
In the XVII century the kings of France, only occasionally visited Azey-le-Rideau: at 1619 Sep Jelly taken here of Louis XIII; possibly in 1650, stayed here Louis XIV. In the XVII century the castle was surrounded by office buildings destined for the maintenance staff and stables. Other work on the renovation have been taken in the 1845 Marquis de Benkur, owner of the castle, which had ordered the right to redo the tower front yard, built back in the Middle Ages, 20 years later, was built in the style of the other tower (from the same material, which used for centuries), to give balance to one of the facades.
In 1871, after the defeat of the French army occupied the castle Prussian troops, commandeer it from the Marquis de Benkur; 19 February the same year, Prince Friedrich-Karl Prussian stayed in the castle with its own headquarters. Report that during the dinner, which served in the kitchen, a huge chandelier, stripped the castle set, hit the table, just not killing the prince. Friedrich-Karl felt that the assassination attempt on his life, his officers and a large labor cost to persuade him not to burn the castle in revenge. After the departure of the Prince and his officers returned to the castle to its rightful owners and was sold in 1904 due to financial difficulties within the family. The new owner, M. Artaud, in turn, sold the castle of State for 200000 francs, after which he finally was restored, and the surrounding park and beach by Andrew acquired their original appearance. Inside the castle was equipped museum of Renaissance, which kept the furniture, tapestries, household items and paintings. This should draw attention to a canopy bed that belonged to Marshal Pierre Filloy de la Barry, who died during the siege of Nice in 1705. This bed of silky cover, embroidered with colorful floral patterns set in the Blue Bedroom, and the Red Bedroom is another bed under the canopy of shtofnogo linen. This bed was formerly in the castle Effiat. Among the Renaissance furniture, decorated the halls of the castle, should mention the rest of the chest Francis I, decorated with columns, medallions, fantastic animals. In the kitchen is also a neat chest carved with two profiles in the foreground. Here, in addition, exhibited specimens sideboard, ceramic and metal cookware, grids, forceps, cutting forks, basins, jugs ...
Collection of tapestries, stored in the castle include a panel of XVI century, entitled "Three Parks", conducted in Brussels and presented to the ball room with another tapestry of the same period of vegetative ornament. The other walls of this room is decorated with four large Flemish tapestries XVII century on biblical subjects: Reconciliation of Esau and Jacob, the Court of Solomon, Noah's Ark, and visit the queen of Sheba to Solomon. Dining room of the ground floor is decorated with Flemish tapestries XVI century on the subjects: Queen Semiramida, Royal Ambassador and Baltassarov feast. Gobelins Royal rooms are made on the sketches of Simon Vue on the plot of "Love Rinaldo and Armida." In the Blue Bedroom, we can see the castles of Versailles and Vinsensky two tapestries Manufactory Lille and scenes of hunting in other Manufactory of Beauvais tapestries. The museum also presents many Renaissance portraits of the kings of France and their families, among them - Francis I, Heinrich II, Catherine de Medici, Francis II, Charles IX, Heinrich III, Valois Margaret and Lev XIV.
Disneyland
In France, the construction of grand amusement park on the image and likeness of the celebrated American «Disneyland» started in the early 90-ies of the last century. The French were totally opposed to the emergence of «the American monster», but, despite all the heated debates and massive protests in 1992, the inauguration of the French «Disneyland». Today, his visit even more than the Eiffel Tower or the Louvre. And residents of the country was resigned to its existence - «Disneyland» provides jobs for several thousand people.
In 2002, close to the «Disneyland» was built by another entertainment complex - «Studio Walt Disney». His visitors are immersed in the shadowy world of film, learning all the secrets of Hollywood. In the halls, you can draw your own cartoon, to meet these actors, to observe how to create special effects. And for lovers of night life is situated near «Village Disney», where restaurants, bars, discotheques are open round the clock.
French «Disneyland» frequented by celebrities, privozyaschie here for their children. The Russian star, of course, are no exception. For example, the eldest daughter of singer Valerie has noted it your birthday. A well-known music lovers brother and sister, Dima and Inna Malikova went there with their children, and rejoiced together a few days.
French «Disneyland» located on the territory of nearly 2000gek. What it just does not: a wide variety of attractions, shops, restaurants and cafes for every taste, gyms, discos, shops, hotels. Even the plants here are several times more than in Paris itself, and they all belong to the exotic and unusual species for France, for example sequoia or cacti.
In winter, the park is open from 9 am to 18 pm and in summer from 9 to 23's. Entrance tickets can be purchased on the day, two or three at once (which, of course, will cost less). An adult ticket for one day costs 30 euros for children - about 23 euros. By the way, children in «Disneyland» teenagers are up to 11 years.
In 2002, close to the «Disneyland» was built by another entertainment complex - «Studio Walt Disney». His visitors are immersed in the shadowy world of film, learning all the secrets of Hollywood. In the halls, you can draw your own cartoon, to meet these actors, to observe how to create special effects. And for lovers of night life is situated near «Village Disney», where restaurants, bars, discotheques are open round the clock.
French «Disneyland» frequented by celebrities, privozyaschie here for their children. The Russian star, of course, are no exception. For example, the eldest daughter of singer Valerie has noted it your birthday. A well-known music lovers brother and sister, Dima and Inna Malikova went there with their children, and rejoiced together a few days.
French «Disneyland» located on the territory of nearly 2000gek. What it just does not: a wide variety of attractions, shops, restaurants and cafes for every taste, gyms, discos, shops, hotels. Even the plants here are several times more than in Paris itself, and they all belong to the exotic and unusual species for France, for example sequoia or cacti.
In winter, the park is open from 9 am to 18 pm and in summer from 9 to 23's. Entrance tickets can be purchased on the day, two or three at once (which, of course, will cost less). An adult ticket for one day costs 30 euros for children - about 23 euros. By the way, children in «Disneyland» teenagers are up to 11 years.
Eiffel Tower
Eiffel Tower, many called the most famous Parisian of our time.
The tower was built in 1889. to the World's Fair, marking the 100 anniversary of the French Revolution. The French Government has decided to impress the imagination of his contemporaries tower that could rival with the highest at the time, facilities.
The project launched suppliers Eiffel Tower, which already had the experience of previous buildings. Forthcoming World Exhibition is just a convenient excuse for the erection of such expensive facilities. This is what alerted Parisian audience: for ordinary Parisians of the building would cost too much.
At a time when the Eiffel his team have only worked on the tower project, the Director of Alfandu asked a group of artists with a manifesto «artists against the Eiffel Tower». It stated: «We - writers, painters, sculptors, architects - passionate fans are not broken until now the beauty of Paris, protesting in the name of French taste, art and French history, and express our strong indignation project building in the center of our capital monstrous and useless Eiffel Tower ».
But despite all that work on the construction began. While the foundation was a penetration of up to 5 meters below the level of the Seine, in the pits were packed in blocks of 10-meter thickness - to guarantee absolute stability. In each of the four bases for the tower legs were mounted hydraulic press with load capacity up to 800 tons. They are intended for fine adjustment of vertical tower, a project which the weight is 5000 tons.
At the initial sketches Eiffel Tower there, it is placed statues and ornaments shaped platform, but he refused them, and embodied in the form they were only decorative arch over the opening four main pyramid.
To build the tower took 12 000 components.
Eiffel Tower is not only beautiful, but also workers - searchlights, beacons, reinforced at its peak, provide a model for aircraft and ships. Here - at the Eiffel Tower, a unique weather station.
Eiffel Tower has three platforms, located at an altitude of 60, 140 and 275metrov, who served five roomy elevators. Four elevators inside the «feet» up to the second platform, the fifth running of the second to the third platform (first hydraulic elevators were, but at the beginning of XX century to electrify).
Designed Eiffel elevators without denial worked for half a century, and suddenly broke down in June 1940, when German troops entered Paris. For four years, while in the French capital were the occupiers, the tower (to their great chagrin!) Was closed. Specially drawn from Berlin's engineers have been unable to work the elevators. But as soon as Paris was liberated, an old mechanic, only half an hour went down - and lifts running. Eiffel Tower once again became a symbol of Paris, and its first three-crowned national flag, which vzvilsya over the French capital on Aug. 25, 1944.
The first platform of the Eiffel Tower has over 4000 square meters of useful space, the second platform of -1,400 square meters. The third area is a square with sides of 18metrov. It consists of two floors - glass and open.
On the third platform is a small lab (it was meant personally for Eiffel) is even higher - gallery-balcony, which is the lighthouse lantern.
Over time, to the tower is not only accustomed to, but even love, though her fate is not just hung in the balance. For example, in the 1900's of the case almost came to dismantling, and saved the only appearance of the radio tower. She became a pillar of antennas for radio, then television and, later, for a radar service. Now big floodlights - Beacons, reinforced at its peak, provide a model for aircraft and ships. Also at the Eiffel Tower is a unique meteorological station, where the study of daily fluctuations in atmospheric electricity, pollution, and radiation environment.
Today, the Eiffel Tower is going through a second adolescence. The recently completed work on its restoration: the removal of dust from the tower, antiquated lifts were replaced with modern high-speed elevators, leaving the tower at once «lost» in the 1000 tonnes.
It is difficult to believe that once the Eiffel Tower to meet a very warm reception by the Parisians.
Eiffel Tower - the world's most popular tourist site. During this season it went up more than 3.1 million people, which is 100 thousand more than during the same period last year. Perhaps those at the end of XIX century, warmly protested against the erection of a huge metal construction, it is very difficult to believe that this building will become a symbol of Paris ox.
The tower was built in 1889. to the World's Fair, marking the 100 anniversary of the French Revolution. The French Government has decided to impress the imagination of his contemporaries tower that could rival with the highest at the time, facilities.
The project launched suppliers Eiffel Tower, which already had the experience of previous buildings. Forthcoming World Exhibition is just a convenient excuse for the erection of such expensive facilities. This is what alerted Parisian audience: for ordinary Parisians of the building would cost too much.
At a time when the Eiffel his team have only worked on the tower project, the Director of Alfandu asked a group of artists with a manifesto «artists against the Eiffel Tower». It stated: «We - writers, painters, sculptors, architects - passionate fans are not broken until now the beauty of Paris, protesting in the name of French taste, art and French history, and express our strong indignation project building in the center of our capital monstrous and useless Eiffel Tower ».
But despite all that work on the construction began. While the foundation was a penetration of up to 5 meters below the level of the Seine, in the pits were packed in blocks of 10-meter thickness - to guarantee absolute stability. In each of the four bases for the tower legs were mounted hydraulic press with load capacity up to 800 tons. They are intended for fine adjustment of vertical tower, a project which the weight is 5000 tons.
At the initial sketches Eiffel Tower there, it is placed statues and ornaments shaped platform, but he refused them, and embodied in the form they were only decorative arch over the opening four main pyramid.
To build the tower took 12 000 components.
Eiffel Tower is not only beautiful, but also workers - searchlights, beacons, reinforced at its peak, provide a model for aircraft and ships. Here - at the Eiffel Tower, a unique weather station.
Eiffel Tower has three platforms, located at an altitude of 60, 140 and 275metrov, who served five roomy elevators. Four elevators inside the «feet» up to the second platform, the fifth running of the second to the third platform (first hydraulic elevators were, but at the beginning of XX century to electrify).
Designed Eiffel elevators without denial worked for half a century, and suddenly broke down in June 1940, when German troops entered Paris. For four years, while in the French capital were the occupiers, the tower (to their great chagrin!) Was closed. Specially drawn from Berlin's engineers have been unable to work the elevators. But as soon as Paris was liberated, an old mechanic, only half an hour went down - and lifts running. Eiffel Tower once again became a symbol of Paris, and its first three-crowned national flag, which vzvilsya over the French capital on Aug. 25, 1944.
The first platform of the Eiffel Tower has over 4000 square meters of useful space, the second platform of -1,400 square meters. The third area is a square with sides of 18metrov. It consists of two floors - glass and open.
On the third platform is a small lab (it was meant personally for Eiffel) is even higher - gallery-balcony, which is the lighthouse lantern.
Over time, to the tower is not only accustomed to, but even love, though her fate is not just hung in the balance. For example, in the 1900's of the case almost came to dismantling, and saved the only appearance of the radio tower. She became a pillar of antennas for radio, then television and, later, for a radar service. Now big floodlights - Beacons, reinforced at its peak, provide a model for aircraft and ships. Also at the Eiffel Tower is a unique meteorological station, where the study of daily fluctuations in atmospheric electricity, pollution, and radiation environment.
Today, the Eiffel Tower is going through a second adolescence. The recently completed work on its restoration: the removal of dust from the tower, antiquated lifts were replaced with modern high-speed elevators, leaving the tower at once «lost» in the 1000 tonnes.
It is difficult to believe that once the Eiffel Tower to meet a very warm reception by the Parisians.
Eiffel Tower - the world's most popular tourist site. During this season it went up more than 3.1 million people, which is 100 thousand more than during the same period last year. Perhaps those at the end of XIX century, warmly protested against the erection of a huge metal construction, it is very difficult to believe that this building will become a symbol of Paris ox.
Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris, Notre-Dame de Paris
On the bank of the River Seine in Paris near the Louvre, the majestic towers of Notre-Dame de Paris, or, as it is also called the Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris - «huge rock symphony, a huge creature and person, and people ... The miraculous result of the connection of all forces of an era, where every stone bryzzhet host hundreds of fantasy work of a genius artist ... »(Victor Hugo).
In the IV. Some of the spot where now is the Paris Cathedral of Our Lady, was a beautiful church of St. Stephen's (30 pieces of marble columns are stored in the museum Klyuni). Two centuries later, not far from the church of St. Stephen, a, have another church, designed to Our Lady. But unfortunately, this temple destroyed invading the territory of France Norman. A short time later at the same place again, have a church dedicated to Our Lady.
In the XII century. Both the ancient church - St. Stephen's Cathedral, and the Virgin Mary - have collapsed. Seeing in a deplorable condition of the two main churches on the island of the Cité in the heart of the city, the bishop of Paris, Maurice de Syulli decided to erect a temple to replace them.
According to the Episcopia future cathedral was to surpass the splendor of all that was constructed before, and be worthy of its high purpose - to become the main cathedral, dedicated to Our Lady. The first stone cathedral was laid in 1163g. King Louis VII, and specifically came to Paris at the ceremony the Pope Alexander III. A 1182g. Blessing was the main altar. In 1185 the Jerusalem Patriarch Heraclitus had already served the first Mass there. In general, the construction of the temple lasted for almost two centuries: started in 1163 and ended in 1330-m.
Originally planned that the Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris was to include all residents of the city - 10 000. But until its built, it took more polutorasta years, and the population of Paris has grown many times over. Now, the Notre-Dame de Paris can simultaneously accommodate a 9000 people.
Notre Dame de Paris is located on a small island the middle of the Seine Cité. Outlines his island resembles a ship, therefore, no coincidence that the emblem of the city of Paris depicts a ship and the motto - «He swings, but he did not sinks».
By virtue of the fact that the cathedral was built over several centuries, its architecture mixed Romanesque and Gothic styles. Openwork lancet arches and stained-glass windows, typical of the Gothic cathedrals, «grow» of massive walls and ceilings of Romanesque period.
Inside the cathedral, there is no wall at all - they replace the frame of poles, connected by arches. All space is filled with stained-glass arches - multicolored paintings, skillfully composed of many thousands of pieces of glass.
The fate of the cathedral, built over centuries, are closely intertwined with the life of the city. Notre Dame is often witnessed great victories, and emotional dramas. At Cathedral Square once danced Gypsy Esmeralda from the cathedral parvis watched it Claude Frollo, and the ugly among chimeras muchilsya in heavy thoughts hunchback Quasimodo.
Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris is divided into five nefov average - higher and more rest. The height of it - 35metrov. Such codes could fit a house in 12 floors. Middle of the main nave nave crossed by another of the same height, the nave, two (longitudinal and transverse) form a cross. This is done specifically for the cathedral resembled a cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified.
The facade of the cathedral as if divided into four tiers, portals, windows, galleries, tower. And, interestingly, each layer is stretched horizontally, and the facade as a whole has a vertical aspect ratio. Three main entrance to the cathedral look like arches, but not the normal round, a spiky, slightly similar to the boom. A wide staircase in eleven steps on the west side of the cathedral leads to portals, which are serfs embrasure, taper, depth of wall thickness.
On both sides of the portals on the pedestals are sculptures carved from the greyish stone. They depict the saints, prophets and angels. Three Portal intertwined four openwork stone canopy on monolithic columns. Under the canopy are four huge statues of saints in the flowing robe. These - evangelists, the authors descriptions of the life of Christ. Above the portals along the entire facade of the building stretches toothed cornice with 28 niches, in which sculptures of legendary biblical kings, ancestors of Jesus Christ. In this sculptural composition invested the following meanings: each of the 28 biblical lords regarded as a prototype of one of the kings of France.
Above the figures of the rulers seen the high narrow windows, and between them - a huge central window in the form of a circle with a diameter of almost 13metrov. Window is a poetic name «rose» - his fancy binding, and colored glass like bright rainbow petals. At the heart of «roses» Virgin shows and around in circular medallions, figures of saints. High above the windows on thin columns rose openwork gallery, which is lower plexus seems fine stone lace. From the gallery down to the Parisians looking figure with bat wings, snake heads and Swan sheyami. This is a chimera - an allegorical embodiment of human sin. Chimera's Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris, allegorically depicting human sins, perhaps more famous than the images of saints or the French kings. By creating their frightening shape, medieval wizard has retreated from a mythical canon (original chimera - a monster with three-body: the front - the lion, in the middle - a goat, behind - a snake).
Gallery connects the two towers with flat roofs, which both look and solid, and air. Funds for the construction of these towers were going almost a hundred years, until 1250.
Belfry Cathedral is both a sentinel towers of Paris. It could follow the approach of the enemy to the city and notify Parisians strikes the bell.
By the middle of the XIX century, the Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris much different from what it saw the Parisians in the XIII century. Disappeared, absorbed by the soil, all eleven stages of the staircase. There was a lower number of statues in the niches of three portals. It was the upper row of statues decorating once gallery. Inside the cathedral, too, suffered greatly. Disappeared almost all the magnificent statues and colorful stained glass windows (up to our days, only partially preserved stained-glass windows the western, southern and northern facades), replaced by Gothic altar. At the site of magnificent sculptures have appeared crowd cupids, bronze clouds, marble and metal medallions. The cathedral was damaged. Moreover, he threatened total destruction.
Therefore, in 1841, for the salvation of Notre-Dame de Paris was taken by a special government decision, and in 1845 began the restoration of the Cathedral of capital under the leadership of the famous architect EE Violle-le-Duc.
Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris is the exact center of Paris. On the road near the distance to any place in France is calculated from the cathedral.
Some historians claim that the building of a cathedral was erected on the place of the Temple of Jupiter once stood here when the Romans. This place is considered sacred since ancient times.
In the IV. Some of the spot where now is the Paris Cathedral of Our Lady, was a beautiful church of St. Stephen's (30 pieces of marble columns are stored in the museum Klyuni). Two centuries later, not far from the church of St. Stephen, a, have another church, designed to Our Lady. But unfortunately, this temple destroyed invading the territory of France Norman. A short time later at the same place again, have a church dedicated to Our Lady.
In the XII century. Both the ancient church - St. Stephen's Cathedral, and the Virgin Mary - have collapsed. Seeing in a deplorable condition of the two main churches on the island of the Cité in the heart of the city, the bishop of Paris, Maurice de Syulli decided to erect a temple to replace them.
According to the Episcopia future cathedral was to surpass the splendor of all that was constructed before, and be worthy of its high purpose - to become the main cathedral, dedicated to Our Lady. The first stone cathedral was laid in 1163g. King Louis VII, and specifically came to Paris at the ceremony the Pope Alexander III. A 1182g. Blessing was the main altar. In 1185 the Jerusalem Patriarch Heraclitus had already served the first Mass there. In general, the construction of the temple lasted for almost two centuries: started in 1163 and ended in 1330-m.
Originally planned that the Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris was to include all residents of the city - 10 000. But until its built, it took more polutorasta years, and the population of Paris has grown many times over. Now, the Notre-Dame de Paris can simultaneously accommodate a 9000 people.
Notre Dame de Paris is located on a small island the middle of the Seine Cité. Outlines his island resembles a ship, therefore, no coincidence that the emblem of the city of Paris depicts a ship and the motto - «He swings, but he did not sinks».
By virtue of the fact that the cathedral was built over several centuries, its architecture mixed Romanesque and Gothic styles. Openwork lancet arches and stained-glass windows, typical of the Gothic cathedrals, «grow» of massive walls and ceilings of Romanesque period.
Inside the cathedral, there is no wall at all - they replace the frame of poles, connected by arches. All space is filled with stained-glass arches - multicolored paintings, skillfully composed of many thousands of pieces of glass.
The fate of the cathedral, built over centuries, are closely intertwined with the life of the city. Notre Dame is often witnessed great victories, and emotional dramas. At Cathedral Square once danced Gypsy Esmeralda from the cathedral parvis watched it Claude Frollo, and the ugly among chimeras muchilsya in heavy thoughts hunchback Quasimodo.
Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris is divided into five nefov average - higher and more rest. The height of it - 35metrov. Such codes could fit a house in 12 floors. Middle of the main nave nave crossed by another of the same height, the nave, two (longitudinal and transverse) form a cross. This is done specifically for the cathedral resembled a cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified.
The facade of the cathedral as if divided into four tiers, portals, windows, galleries, tower. And, interestingly, each layer is stretched horizontally, and the facade as a whole has a vertical aspect ratio. Three main entrance to the cathedral look like arches, but not the normal round, a spiky, slightly similar to the boom. A wide staircase in eleven steps on the west side of the cathedral leads to portals, which are serfs embrasure, taper, depth of wall thickness.
On both sides of the portals on the pedestals are sculptures carved from the greyish stone. They depict the saints, prophets and angels. Three Portal intertwined four openwork stone canopy on monolithic columns. Under the canopy are four huge statues of saints in the flowing robe. These - evangelists, the authors descriptions of the life of Christ. Above the portals along the entire facade of the building stretches toothed cornice with 28 niches, in which sculptures of legendary biblical kings, ancestors of Jesus Christ. In this sculptural composition invested the following meanings: each of the 28 biblical lords regarded as a prototype of one of the kings of France.
Above the figures of the rulers seen the high narrow windows, and between them - a huge central window in the form of a circle with a diameter of almost 13metrov. Window is a poetic name «rose» - his fancy binding, and colored glass like bright rainbow petals. At the heart of «roses» Virgin shows and around in circular medallions, figures of saints. High above the windows on thin columns rose openwork gallery, which is lower plexus seems fine stone lace. From the gallery down to the Parisians looking figure with bat wings, snake heads and Swan sheyami. This is a chimera - an allegorical embodiment of human sin. Chimera's Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris, allegorically depicting human sins, perhaps more famous than the images of saints or the French kings. By creating their frightening shape, medieval wizard has retreated from a mythical canon (original chimera - a monster with three-body: the front - the lion, in the middle - a goat, behind - a snake).
Gallery connects the two towers with flat roofs, which both look and solid, and air. Funds for the construction of these towers were going almost a hundred years, until 1250.
Belfry Cathedral is both a sentinel towers of Paris. It could follow the approach of the enemy to the city and notify Parisians strikes the bell.
By the middle of the XIX century, the Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris much different from what it saw the Parisians in the XIII century. Disappeared, absorbed by the soil, all eleven stages of the staircase. There was a lower number of statues in the niches of three portals. It was the upper row of statues decorating once gallery. Inside the cathedral, too, suffered greatly. Disappeared almost all the magnificent statues and colorful stained glass windows (up to our days, only partially preserved stained-glass windows the western, southern and northern facades), replaced by Gothic altar. At the site of magnificent sculptures have appeared crowd cupids, bronze clouds, marble and metal medallions. The cathedral was damaged. Moreover, he threatened total destruction.
Therefore, in 1841, for the salvation of Notre-Dame de Paris was taken by a special government decision, and in 1845 began the restoration of the Cathedral of capital under the leadership of the famous architect EE Violle-le-Duc.
Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris is the exact center of Paris. On the road near the distance to any place in France is calculated from the cathedral.
Some historians claim that the building of a cathedral was erected on the place of the Temple of Jupiter once stood here when the Romans. This place is considered sacred since ancient times.
Phone
At the airport there are telephones are yellow, on which you can call free of charge.
In any e-mail kiosk, a bar or the post office to buy a phone card. A small card on the 50 compounds is about 40 francs, an increase of 120 compounds - 80 francs. From any machine can be reached not only throughout France but all over the world. It is necessary to dial 19 + country code + area code + phone number.
In any e-mail kiosk, a bar or the post office to buy a phone card. A small card on the 50 compounds is about 40 francs, an increase of 120 compounds - 80 francs. From any machine can be reached not only throughout France but all over the world. It is necessary to dial 19 + country code + area code + phone number.
Auto Travel
What are good self-cars - the trip was due to have. Freedom of movement - just one of many advantages.
However, independence is the other side: had to choose the route itself, to get acquainted with the sights ¬ styami and solve everyday issues. It is not difficult, but this must be prepared.
When planning your trip, you must answer a total of three main issues: how to use that to watch and where to live. In respect of Motor France barely knows himself equal ¬ governmental. The roads here are very good, though the fare they pay. However, the comfort of local highways well worth the money.
Determined by the housing will be in place. In the big cities is better to live in the center - all the attractions nearby, as posleobeden ¬ nuyu heat can wait in the room. If you are willing to pay for a double room from € 50, then you should immediately contact the city tourist ¬ Volga office in France - Oyyue Ye (oipkte) and you select the desired. If you want cheap housing (from 30 euros per room without toilet), one must walk in terms ¬ central squares or in the vicinity of the railway station and look for signs No1e1 suitable accommodation there in an hour.
At the transport preferable camping. Outdoors in a tent (you can take the night in a rental) or bungalows and pleasant, and cheaper. Find camping starts with the exit from the motorway. At the high-speed roads pointers camping is more the exception to the rules and are extremely rare.
However, independence is the other side: had to choose the route itself, to get acquainted with the sights ¬ styami and solve everyday issues. It is not difficult, but this must be prepared.
When planning your trip, you must answer a total of three main issues: how to use that to watch and where to live. In respect of Motor France barely knows himself equal ¬ governmental. The roads here are very good, though the fare they pay. However, the comfort of local highways well worth the money.
Determined by the housing will be in place. In the big cities is better to live in the center - all the attractions nearby, as posleobeden ¬ nuyu heat can wait in the room. If you are willing to pay for a double room from € 50, then you should immediately contact the city tourist ¬ Volga office in France - Oyyue Ye (oipkte) and you select the desired. If you want cheap housing (from 30 euros per room without toilet), one must walk in terms ¬ central squares or in the vicinity of the railway station and look for signs No1e1 suitable accommodation there in an hour.
At the transport preferable camping. Outdoors in a tent (you can take the night in a rental) or bungalows and pleasant, and cheaper. Find camping starts with the exit from the motorway. At the high-speed roads pointers camping is more the exception to the rules and are extremely rare.
Transportation
Airplane
To get to Paris, you can, using the services of Air France and «Aeroflot». Tickets on Air France depends on the age - up to 25 years to pay for the youth rate. There is a normal business class, PEX, two excursion fare.
Phone Air France office in Moscow: 237-23-25
Aeroflot: 156-80-19
Animals can be handed over to the baggage, of course, if you will help his absolute health.
Public transport
Public transport RER and Metro are not the same thing - although the lines intersect. Be careful that you do not leave the city.
The Paris metro is open from 5.30 until 1 o'clock in the morning. If you arrive more than 5 days, buy a pass - Carte Orange, it is sold for a week, 2 weeks, month. This card is valid on the subway and bus, but it need to glue the photo.
In the city tickets for RER, metro and buses are the same. They need to compost. In the metro and RER using the same ticket, regardless of the number of transplants. You can buy a single ticket Formule 1, a validity period of the day for an unlimited number of trips on all modes of public transport.
Car Rental
The machine can be rented at the airport already. The amount of rent does not include the cost of gasoline, as well as additional payment for mileage. Attractive pay by credit card than cash (rent Volkswagen for two weeks in the first case is 2700 francs and the payment after the second - 4000 and pay at once).
When you choose a car, remember that travel through the city on a big car is difficult because of the narrowness of the Parisian streets and boulevards. Difficulties may arise in the parking lot (for incorrect parking fine of 400 francs, plus an amount for delivering the car to a special parking area).
If you have a problem occurred with the machine, locate the nearest hour emergency phone, and you'll automatically be connected with the police and gendarmerie. They can help you, because this service is included in their duties.
To get to Paris, you can, using the services of Air France and «Aeroflot». Tickets on Air France depends on the age - up to 25 years to pay for the youth rate. There is a normal business class, PEX, two excursion fare.
Phone Air France office in Moscow: 237-23-25
Aeroflot: 156-80-19
Animals can be handed over to the baggage, of course, if you will help his absolute health.
Public transport
Public transport RER and Metro are not the same thing - although the lines intersect. Be careful that you do not leave the city.
The Paris metro is open from 5.30 until 1 o'clock in the morning. If you arrive more than 5 days, buy a pass - Carte Orange, it is sold for a week, 2 weeks, month. This card is valid on the subway and bus, but it need to glue the photo.
In the city tickets for RER, metro and buses are the same. They need to compost. In the metro and RER using the same ticket, regardless of the number of transplants. You can buy a single ticket Formule 1, a validity period of the day for an unlimited number of trips on all modes of public transport.
Car Rental
The machine can be rented at the airport already. The amount of rent does not include the cost of gasoline, as well as additional payment for mileage. Attractive pay by credit card than cash (rent Volkswagen for two weeks in the first case is 2700 francs and the payment after the second - 4000 and pay at once).
When you choose a car, remember that travel through the city on a big car is difficult because of the narrowness of the Parisian streets and boulevards. Difficulties may arise in the parking lot (for incorrect parking fine of 400 francs, plus an amount for delivering the car to a special parking area).
If you have a problem occurred with the machine, locate the nearest hour emergency phone, and you'll automatically be connected with the police and gendarmerie. They can help you, because this service is included in their duties.
French manners
Most French do not like the English speech, so if you do not know the French language, it is better to just say that you are Russian. The French even studied English in school, can pretend that did not understand a single word in English. Better just to say: Excuse me, but I speak only English or Russian. What language do you prefer?
Now, however, very noticeable Americanization of French, which was called «frangle». The government of France even enacted a law under which the citizens of the Republic in public places should only be used French words and phrases, the same law applies to radio and television.
Polite and gallant, in the universal ¬ schemu opinion, the French are more than used treatment ¬ «you» in communicating with strangers and speaking seniors. The reasons, according to research ¬ ment sociologists few. First, in France «¬ lived las» concept «horizontal management», which is based on the premise: «All people are equal and to treat any person ¬ should be as an equal». And secondly, the use of pronouns «you» creates the illusion of a closer, from ¬ open and honest communication.
By phone does not disturb the person later 21.00, for a business call, better call the office.
In a good hotel is better not to come with the packages from Tati, or other cheap stores. That does not make a better impression.
French - moderate people, they are reasonable and prudent. They are very friendly and polite, never tell you the truth in the face, while the French are little, all other nations: the British feel arrogant and boring, the Americans - zhadnovatymi and hypocritical Russians - rude.
Now, however, very noticeable Americanization of French, which was called «frangle». The government of France even enacted a law under which the citizens of the Republic in public places should only be used French words and phrases, the same law applies to radio and television.
Polite and gallant, in the universal ¬ schemu opinion, the French are more than used treatment ¬ «you» in communicating with strangers and speaking seniors. The reasons, according to research ¬ ment sociologists few. First, in France «¬ lived las» concept «horizontal management», which is based on the premise: «All people are equal and to treat any person ¬ should be as an equal». And secondly, the use of pronouns «you» creates the illusion of a closer, from ¬ open and honest communication.
By phone does not disturb the person later 21.00, for a business call, better call the office.
In a good hotel is better not to come with the packages from Tati, or other cheap stores. That does not make a better impression.
French - moderate people, they are reasonable and prudent. They are very friendly and polite, never tell you the truth in the face, while the French are little, all other nations: the British feel arrogant and boring, the Americans - zhadnovatymi and hypocritical Russians - rude.
Sports
The origins of French boxing - Savatier - attributed to Thai arts, almost deprived of the rules. From the South-East Asia in the middle of the XVIII century, the struggle was brought to France, where some changed and became its main features. Foremost among them was the technique kicking, Obuchi in a heavy working shoes. In French the word means sava1e stoptanny old shoe. He gave the name of the fight stevedore. After some time, boxing and possessed higher levels of society. It was even the father of Alexandre Dumas. Today Savatier introduced a system of physical education in the country and is considered a national sport. They deal with almost everything: there is even the program «Kangaroo» for children from 6 to 14 years, as well as «Savatier-Forms» Women's reminiscent aerobics or shaping.
Homeland wheel. The first official competition of cycling was held in France in 1869. Participants at the wooden bikes broke 120 miles between Rouen and Paris for about 12 hours. In 1903 was born the most famous cycle race world - «Tour de France», the length of the route which is about 5500km. The idea of «Tour de France» belongs to the French journalist Geo Lefevre to host several velogonok, the results of which will add up.
French tennis «Roland Garros» - one of the four tournaments of the Greater helmet. Conducted annually for two weeks in late May - early June in Paris. The first tournament was held in 1891, and in the 1925th, he has received international status.
Walking stick instead of swords
Cannes - is fencing on a stick. This kind of struggle was known even in medieval France. It was formed from the usual fencing on swords, sword or saber. Subsequently, the remedy has become a normal and a cane, which has become a good alternative to traditional weapons. She helped the men from the educated strata of society adequately reflect the sudden attack of street hooligans. Today, Cannes - a popular sport in France. Special cane thickness from 1,5 to 2sm and long 95sm made from chestnut chestnut tree. Competitions are held in Cannes in protective suits, which excludes the application of trauma.
Homeland wheel. The first official competition of cycling was held in France in 1869. Participants at the wooden bikes broke 120 miles between Rouen and Paris for about 12 hours. In 1903 was born the most famous cycle race world - «Tour de France», the length of the route which is about 5500km. The idea of «Tour de France» belongs to the French journalist Geo Lefevre to host several velogonok, the results of which will add up.
French tennis «Roland Garros» - one of the four tournaments of the Greater helmet. Conducted annually for two weeks in late May - early June in Paris. The first tournament was held in 1891, and in the 1925th, he has received international status.
Walking stick instead of swords
Cannes - is fencing on a stick. This kind of struggle was known even in medieval France. It was formed from the usual fencing on swords, sword or saber. Subsequently, the remedy has become a normal and a cane, which has become a good alternative to traditional weapons. She helped the men from the educated strata of society adequately reflect the sudden attack of street hooligans. Today, Cannes - a popular sport in France. Special cane thickness from 1,5 to 2sm and long 95sm made from chestnut chestnut tree. Competitions are held in Cannes in protective suits, which excludes the application of trauma.
Fashion
Empire (French emrige - «empire» of lat. Inregiut - «¬ ment command», «power»), hu ¬ dozhestvenny style originating in France ¬ tion at the beginning of the XIX century, in an era of domination of Napoleon Bonaparte, lasted only 16 years old - from the end of directors (1799) to the restoration of the Bourbons dynasty (1815) - and managed to re ¬ return from the legs at the head of the fashion and beauty, but stremitel ¬ gone the way of safety losnezhnyh Semiconductors ¬ ¬ zrachnyh Tunik, ¬ refocus their clothes Greek statues, to the grandiose splendor of brocade and velvet, fur and feathers, brought from the conquered countries. Symbolizing the glory and power of Napoleon's French Empire was as its undoubted masterpieces, as well as application ¬ ture kicha inherent in all the empire for ¬ dvorkam.
«Nagaya» fashion
Dressed in the fashion of ladies, even at the age of empire today ¬ tion glance look almost naked. Thin tunics, 1 - I - jacket without sleeves, with cuts to her thighs on the sides, barely covered her breasts. Ballroom toilets of muslin, gas or kisei was almost transparent, with underwear replaced with flesh-colored tights or absence ¬ gross at all. Sometimes a slightly damp cloth before balom that sticks to the body tunic clearer picture figure.
Men's ideals
For the first time in the history of the Empire has made men's clothes in a business suit, in which inappropriate bright colors and an abundance of jewelry. Membership of the owner to the privileged classes are completely cut ¬ elegant, masterly execution, quality fabrics, white linen. Showcase prosperity and social status of her husband, a woman in society. Legislators female fashion in this era was the French tailors, and men, despite a generally ¬ nyatomu opinion - Great Britain.
Egyptian motifs
While the bottom of the female figures of all the wind blows, the top was equipped with no less than if ¬ hotlivoy lightly. Long kid could go high for the elbow, on the right ¬ llama etiquette ladies hand was to be closed, so perchat ¬ ki not filming or on the street or in the on ¬ premises. Ladies wrap up in until ¬ rogie cashmere shawls, which, during a military expedition Napo ¬ Leon were first brought out of Egypt. Protected from the sun a couple ¬ salt - little lace zones ¬ tic. Embroidered reticule serving container handkerchief, vee ¬ ra, spirits and other vitally needed dimyh ¬ subjects.
Victims of Fashion
In the following favorite style of ladies reach the point of absurdity. Dressed in a «¬ rome profit» tunics women trembling in poorly heated Parisian salons. In France, even a saying: «To be beautiful, and you can hit», later rephrased in Russia as a «beauty demands victims».
It was thought that the ladies should be 365 cap, as many pairs of shoes, but only 12 shirts. Style headcoverings changed frequently. More often than not wore hats - «kibitku», and from 1812 to 1814 spread hats, remind ¬ shie busby.
What is the difference between the French woman from the Russian grew ¬? They are not afraid of color, and we go about it ¬ components. But on the other hand, in Paris, I was sometimes afraid of ladies, who called ¬ that is, «pionerki rear and front pensioner». This is especially noticeable when coming to the se ¬ zones haute couture. Look, is before you commit ¬ completely delightful woman from behind at ¬ - slender legs, posture, hair'm ¬ WIDE. But as soon as she turns to face you, it is, sorry, just bad ...
Vertical Gardens
France again under ¬ firmament of their status zakonodatelnitsy mod. Europe became enthusiastic but ¬ new toy: a designer and botanist Patrick Blanc has invented a way to decorate the walls of houses so-called «ver ¬ tikalnymi gardens». In ¬ break than these gardens can be both outside and inside buildings.
«Nagaya» fashion
Dressed in the fashion of ladies, even at the age of empire today ¬ tion glance look almost naked. Thin tunics, 1 - I - jacket without sleeves, with cuts to her thighs on the sides, barely covered her breasts. Ballroom toilets of muslin, gas or kisei was almost transparent, with underwear replaced with flesh-colored tights or absence ¬ gross at all. Sometimes a slightly damp cloth before balom that sticks to the body tunic clearer picture figure.
Men's ideals
For the first time in the history of the Empire has made men's clothes in a business suit, in which inappropriate bright colors and an abundance of jewelry. Membership of the owner to the privileged classes are completely cut ¬ elegant, masterly execution, quality fabrics, white linen. Showcase prosperity and social status of her husband, a woman in society. Legislators female fashion in this era was the French tailors, and men, despite a generally ¬ nyatomu opinion - Great Britain.
Egyptian motifs
While the bottom of the female figures of all the wind blows, the top was equipped with no less than if ¬ hotlivoy lightly. Long kid could go high for the elbow, on the right ¬ llama etiquette ladies hand was to be closed, so perchat ¬ ki not filming or on the street or in the on ¬ premises. Ladies wrap up in until ¬ rogie cashmere shawls, which, during a military expedition Napo ¬ Leon were first brought out of Egypt. Protected from the sun a couple ¬ salt - little lace zones ¬ tic. Embroidered reticule serving container handkerchief, vee ¬ ra, spirits and other vitally needed dimyh ¬ subjects.
Victims of Fashion
In the following favorite style of ladies reach the point of absurdity. Dressed in a «¬ rome profit» tunics women trembling in poorly heated Parisian salons. In France, even a saying: «To be beautiful, and you can hit», later rephrased in Russia as a «beauty demands victims».
It was thought that the ladies should be 365 cap, as many pairs of shoes, but only 12 shirts. Style headcoverings changed frequently. More often than not wore hats - «kibitku», and from 1812 to 1814 spread hats, remind ¬ shie busby.
What is the difference between the French woman from the Russian grew ¬? They are not afraid of color, and we go about it ¬ components. But on the other hand, in Paris, I was sometimes afraid of ladies, who called ¬ that is, «pionerki rear and front pensioner». This is especially noticeable when coming to the se ¬ zones haute couture. Look, is before you commit ¬ completely delightful woman from behind at ¬ - slender legs, posture, hair'm ¬ WIDE. But as soon as she turns to face you, it is, sorry, just bad ...
Vertical Gardens
France again under ¬ firmament of their status zakonodatelnitsy mod. Europe became enthusiastic but ¬ new toy: a designer and botanist Patrick Blanc has invented a way to decorate the walls of houses so-called «ver ¬ tikalnymi gardens». In ¬ break than these gardens can be both outside and inside buildings.
Culture
France - a real reserve of historical and cultural monuments of different epochs and civilizations. Here are preserved cave dwellings of ancient people Paleolithic era, roads, viaducts, triumphal arches, and the arena (Nimes, Avignon, Arles and Orange), representing gallorimskuyu architecture I century BC, numerous monuments of Roman architecture (in monasteries and Shito Klyuni, a church in Montreal Saint-Michel, etc.). Homeland Gothic style evolved from Romanesque, was the region Ile-de-France. Gothic represented by such famous buildings as the chapel of Saint-Chapelle and the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, the cathedrals of Chartres, Orleans, Le-Man, as well as in Strasbourg, etc. Came from the Italian Renaissance in the XVI century, leaving behind such masterpieces of architecture, as numerous castles Loire, Fontainebleau and Versailles Castles.
In France, it is possible to see these masterpieces of the era of Napoleon (neoclassicism), as the Triumphal Arch, Vendome column and the Madeleine church in Paris, the splendid facilities eclectic XIX century - Drama «Grand Opera», City Town Hall Hotel de Ville and the Grand Palace, the famous Eiffel Tower . The twentieth century brought in the architecture of the French cities of various buildings in the Art Nouveau style and modern facilities such as the Center. Pompidou, Louvre Pyramid and the complex of buildings in Paris' La Défense district.
The cultural life is represented by numerous theaters and museums, including such world-famous as the Louvre and the Museum D'Orse in Paris, a variety of musical, theatrical and film festivals (including Cannes). In recent years, a sort of Mecca for tourists from all over the world became Evrodisneylend.
Wide popularity in the world were the French visual arts, literature and diverse musical culture.
In France, it is possible to see these masterpieces of the era of Napoleon (neoclassicism), as the Triumphal Arch, Vendome column and the Madeleine church in Paris, the splendid facilities eclectic XIX century - Drama «Grand Opera», City Town Hall Hotel de Ville and the Grand Palace, the famous Eiffel Tower . The twentieth century brought in the architecture of the French cities of various buildings in the Art Nouveau style and modern facilities such as the Center. Pompidou, Louvre Pyramid and the complex of buildings in Paris' La Défense district.
The cultural life is represented by numerous theaters and museums, including such world-famous as the Louvre and the Museum D'Orse in Paris, a variety of musical, theatrical and film festivals (including Cannes). In recent years, a sort of Mecca for tourists from all over the world became Evrodisneylend.
Wide popularity in the world were the French visual arts, literature and diverse musical culture.
Phrasebook
The French pronunciation is quite difficult, particularly because of the presence of nasal vowels. When air is made by partially goes through the nose, and partly through the mouth. When a syllable ends in a single "n" or "m", they are not pronounced, but indicates that the preceding vowel - bow. There are three in the transcription of Russian words and phrases, two letters are printed in bold, that means one nasal - an (Jan, s), he (th) or CNN.
- Standard French sound "r" is pronounced as follows: Language incurve back to the sky, preventing the passage of air flow, and the tip of the language is flat, upirayas in the front lower teeth.
- To transfer the sound of French "eu", where essentially to the understanding, are two Russian letters "th" put together. For the correct pronunciation sound only slightly rounded lips (tongue lies flat) and try to say in such a position "to" thinking about "e".
- Emphasis in French falls on the last syllable.
- The French are very proud of their language. Therefore, even if you are going to communicate in English, to start any question or proposal is with the standard phrase: "Excusez-moi, parlez-vous anglais?"
First a few words
Yes. Oui. Ui.
No. Non. Non.
Please. S'il vous plait. Strong Wu ple.
Thank you. Merci. Mercy.
Thank you very much. Merci beaucoup. Mersey side.
Hello (Good day). Bonjour. Bonzhur.
Good evening. Bonsoir. Bonsuar.
Hi. Salut. Salut.
Excuse me (to attract attention). Excusez-moi. Ekskyuze mua.
Sorry. Pardon. Sorry.
Do you speak in English? Parlez-vous anglais? Parlier Wu England?
Do you speak in Russian? Parlez-vous russe? Parlier Wu ryus?
Unfortunately, I do not speak French. Desole, je ne parle pas francais. Dezole, NOE Handbook parliament also Pas Français.
I do not understand. Je ne comprends pas. Same NOE Handbook kompran PA.
Where is ...? Ou se trouve ...? In ASE truv ...?
Where is ...? Ou se trouvent ...? In ASE truv ...?
Emergencies
Help! Au secours! About sekur!
Call the police! Appelez la police! Aple To Polis!
Call a doctor. Appelez un medecin! Aple al medsen!
I lost! Je me suis egare (e) less Же SUI egare.
Keep the thief! Au voleur! About Volery!
Fire! Au feu! About Fe!
I have a (small) problem J'ai un (petit) probleme same ene (Petit) problems
Help me please Aidez-moi, s'il vous plait ede mua powerful Wu ple
What's with you? Que vous arrive-t-il? Til Ke vuzariv
I badly J'ai un malaise same (about) ene malez
I feel sick J'ai mal au coeur Же mal e Ker
I have a headache / stomach J'ai mal a la tete / au ventre Же mal a la tet / on vantr
I broke a leg Je me suis casse la jambe Же less syui kase lyazhamb
Greetings and politeness formula
Good day. Bonjour. Bonzhur.
Good evening. Bonsoir. Bonsuar.
So far, / Hi. Salut. Salut.
Good night Bonne nuit. Bon NUITS.
Goodbye. Au revoir. About revuar.
See you soon. A bientot. A byanto.
So far (in Belgium) A tantot A Tanto
Good luck. Bonne chance. Bon chance.
Good day. Bonne journee. Bon zhurne.
Good Weekend ENDA Bon week-end of Bon uikan
Until tomorrow A demain A deman
Before the evening A ce soir And behold XUAR
Bon Appetit Bon appetit Bon apeti
Your health (table) A votre sante! A votr sante
Be healthy (in parting) Portez-vous bien! Porte Wu byan
Be healthy (when sneezing) A vos souhaits! And in Swe
This is Mr. Duran. C'est monsieur Durand. Se Monsieur Durand.
This is Ms. Duran. C'est madame Durand. Se Madame Durand
This mademoiselle Duran. C'est mademoiselle Durand. Se madmuazel Duran
What's your name? Comment vous appellez-vous? Coman vuzaple-woo
What is your name? Comment t'appelles-tu? Coman tapel tyu
My name is Peter, Mr. Smirnov Je m'appelle Petia (Monsieur Smirnov) Же mapel Peter (Monsieur Smirnov)
It is nice Enchante (e) Anshante
How are you? Ca va? Ca va?
All is well. And you? Tres bien. Et vous? Tre byan. E Wu?
How are you? Comment allez-vous? Coman ale-wu
How are you? Comment vas-tu? Coman wa tyu
So imagine Comme ci, comme ca COMSA - COMSA
How old are you? Quel age avez-vous? Kel already ave Wu
How old are you? Quel age as-tu? Kel much as tyu
Where are you from originally? D'ou venez-vous? D'u vene Wu
I'm from Russia, are you? Je viens de Russie, et vous? Same vyan de Ryusi e Wu
Pass (the) welcomed parents (Mr Petrov) / (ofits.var.) Dites bonjour a vos parents (monsieur Petrov) / Mes salutations a ... able coupons in a magazine a couple (a) (Monsieur Petrov) / DOE salyutason and ...
The search for understanding
Do you speak in Russian? Parlez-vous russe? Parlier Wu ryus?
Do you speak in English? Parlez-vous anglais? Parlier Wu England?
You understand? Comprenez-vous? Komprene Vu?
I understand. Je comprends. Same kompran.
I do not understand. Je ne comprends pas. Same NOE Handbook kompran PA.
Here someone spoke in English? Est-ce que quelqu'un ici parle anglais? Al-ke kelken ISI Parliament England?
Could you speak more slowly? Pourriez-vous parler moins vite? Pure Wu parliament muen Wit?
Repeat, please. Repetez, s'il vous plait. Repete, strong Wu ple.
Please write it. Ecrivez-le, s'il vous plait. Ekrive Le, strong Wu ple.
Standard requests and questions
You could not give me ...? Pourriez-vous me donner ...? Pure Wu less done ...?
You could not give us ...? Pourriez-vous nous donner ...? Pure woo well done ...?
You could not show me ...? Pourriez-vous me montrer ...? Pure Wu IU montre ...?
You could not tell me ...? Pourriez-vous me dire ...? Pure Wu IU dir ...?
You could not help me ...? Pourriez-vous m'aider ...? Pure Wu m'ede ...?
I would like to ... Je voudrais ... Же vudre ...
We would like to ... Nous voudrions ... Well ... vudriyon
Please give me ... Donnez-moi, s'il vous plait ... Done mua, strong Wu ple ...
Give me this, please ... Donnez-moi cela, s'il vous plait ... Done mua selya, strong Wu ple ...
Show me ... Montrez-moi ... Montre mua ...
Tell me, how long? Quelle heure est-il, s'il vous plait? Kel EP ethylene, strong Wu ple?
Which of today? Quelle date sommes-nous? Kel dates som nu?
Which day of the week today? Quel jour de la semaine sommes-nous? Kel journalists sharing semen som nu?
What will the weather tomorrow? Quel temps fera-t-il demain? Kel there feratil deman?
What is it? Qu'est-ce que c'est? CES ke ASE
What is happening here? Que se passe-t-il ici? CES pass Till IIS?
At the airport
Here's my ticket Voici mon billet Vuasi mon Biya
Please place non-smoking (smoking) Une place non-fumeur (fumeur) s'il vous plait Yuen Plus non-fyumer (fyumer)
Tell me, where is exit? Ou est la sortie, s'il vous plait? A To Z class strengths Wu ple?
I must meet. J'ai un rendez-vous. Zhe He Rendezvous
Please give the announcement that Mr. Smirnov has arrived and is waiting for a reference bureau. S'il vous plait donnez une annonce que monsieur Smirnov est arrive et attend pres du bureau des renseignements. Strong ple done Yuen Woo announce ment m (n) ese Smirnov etarive e atan EAR d (n) th Bureau de ranseneman.
Boarding pass Sarte d'embarquement Maps dambarkeman
Where is the exit to landing № ...? Ou est la sortie ... ? A To Z сорти ... ?
Where to park the taxi? Ou est la station de taxis? A To Z stason de taxi?
Where registration in Moscow? Ou est l'enregistrement pour Moscou? U e lyanrezhistreman pour Moscow
Passport control and customs
Passport control. Controle des passeports Control de passport.
Here's my passport. Voici mon passeport. Vuasi mon passport.
This is my baggage. Voici mes bagages. Vuasi less baggage.
I am here for the rest. Je suis en vacances. Same SUI Al vacancies.
I'm here for. C'est le voyage d'affaires. Se le voyage d'afer.
Sorry, I do not understand. Desole, je ne comprends pas. Dezole, the same NOE Handbook kompran PA.
Customs. Douane. Duan.
I have nothing to declare. Je n'ai rien a declarer. As zealously as NOE Handbook deklyare.
These things for personal use. Ce sont les affaires personnelles. Se son lezaffer personel.
This is a gift. C'est un cadeau. SET en kado.
Exchanging money
Where is the nearest exchange? Ou se trouve le bureau de change le plus proche? In ASE truv le bureau de la шанж plyu past?
You can change these travelers checks? Remboursez-vous ces cheques de voyage? Wu Ramburse ASE NIS de voyage?
What is the exchange rate?. Quel est le cours de change? Kel e le chickens de шанж?
What's the commission? Cela fait combien, la commission? Selya PV kombyan, la Comisión?
I want to exchange dollars for francs. Je voudrais changer des dollars US contre les francs francais. Same vudre шанже de dolyar U.S. Français contre le Franc.
How do I get for $ 100? Combien toucherai-je pour cent dollars? Kombyan tushrezh pour san dolyar?
Until that hour you work? A quelle heure etes-vous ferme? A Kel EP etvu ferme?
Hotel
Can I reserve a room? Puis-je reserver une chambre? Pyuizh rezerve Yuen Chambrier?
Number one. Une chambre pour une personne. Un pour Chambrier Yuen persons.
Chambre individuelle Chambrier andividyuel.
Double room. Une chambre pour deux personnes. Un pour de Chambrier persons.
Chambre double. Chambrier double
Not very expensive. Pas tres cher. Pa tre SHARE.
Bon Bon marche marshe
How much is a room at night? Combien coute cette chambre par nuit? Kombyan Kut NUITS SET Chambrier couples?
On one night (two nights) Pour une nuit (deux nuits) Pur Yuen nyui (de nyui)
I would like to room with telephone, TV and bar. Je voudrais une chambre avec un telephone, une television et un bar. Same vudre Yuen Chambrier AVEC he telefon Yuen televizon he e bar
I zabronirovala room under the name Catherine J'ai reserve une chambre au nom de Katrine. Yong Zhe rezerve Chambrier of Mr. de Catherine
Please give me, the keys to the rooms. Je voudrais la clef de ma chambre. Same vudre To klef de ma Chambrier
Is there a message for me? Avez-vous des messages pour moi? Avevu de mesazh pour mua?
In that hour you have breakfast? A quelle heure servez-vous le petit dejeuner? A Kel EP servevu talk dezhene?
Hello, reception, could not you wake me tomorrow at 7 am? Allo, la reception, pouvez-vous me reveiller demain matin a 7 heures? But to woo less reseptson puve reveye deman Matan and SET (M) UF?
I would like to settle. Je voudrais regler la note. Same vudre regle to music.
I pay cash. Je vais payer en especes. Same RE peye Al espes.
Restaurant
Do you have a table for two? Avez-vous une table pour deux? Avevu tablets yun pour de?
Please coffee with milk and croissant. Un cafe au lait avec un croissant, s'il vous plait. He café ole AVEC he croissant strong Wu ple
I'll take a glass of beer Je prendrai un verre de biere Же prandre he RES de Biere
Sorry, but this is too spicy dish. Excusez-moi, mais c'est un plat trop piquant. Ekskyuze mua DOE plans seton SRW peak
How delicious! Comme c'est delicieux! Room SE delise
Une serviette napkin Yuen servet
Une fourchette fork Yuen buffet
spoon Une cuillere Yun kyuer
Un couteau knife He kuto
Une assiette plate Yuen aset
Un verre glass He RES
I prefer vegetarian meals Je prefere les plats vegetariens also prefer LAYE plans vezhetaryan
What would you like for breakfast? Que desirez-vous pour le petit dejeuner? Ke Wu dezire pour le petit dezhene?
I would like sandwiches with ham, cheese omelet and a glass of orange juice. Je prendrai un sandwich jambon et fromage, une omelette et un verre du jus d'orange. He also prandre sandwich zhambon e fromazh Yuen omlet e he RES du жю doranzh
Tea with sugar Un the au sucre He te on syukr
Tea without sugar Un the sans sucre He te san syukr
Juice with ice Un jus avec des glacons He жю AVEC de glason
Juice without ice Jus sans glacons жю San glason
Hot Tres chaud tre sho
Warm chaud sho
Cold froid FROID
Bread du pain du Pan
red (white) wine, vin rouge (blanc) Van Rouge (Blanc)
Waiter, the bill, please Garcon, l'addition s'il vous plait. garcon lyadison strong Wu ple
Do you accept credit cards? Acceptez-vous les cartes de credit? Akseptevu LAYE maps de kredi
Orientation in the city
I'm looking for ... Je cherche ... Же shersh ...
My hotel mon mon hotel otel
Tourist office l'office de tourisme de lefis tourism
Telephone automatic une cabine telephonique University booths telefonik
pharmacy la pharmacie To farmasi
Supermarket le supermarche le syupermarshe
email le bureau de poste Le Bureau de Post
How do I go to the Elysée fields? Comment puis-je aller aux Champs Elysees? Coman pyuizh ale on shamzelize
Could you please hold me until Pourriez-vous m'accompagner a ... Purevu makompane and ...
Where is the accommodation of people with disabilities? Ou se trouvent les Invalides? U se truv lezanvalid
Where taksostoyanka? Ou se trouve la station de taxi? U se truv To stason de taxi
Where is the nearest subway station? Ou est la station de metro la plus proche? A To Z stason metro de la plyu past?
Where is the nearest bank? Ou se trouve la banque la plus proche? U se truv To Bank To plyu past
Taxis
Where can I take a taxi? Ou puis-je prendre un taxi? Do pyuizh prandr en taxi?
Taxi, please. Appelez le taxi, s'il vous plait. Aple le taxi strong Wu ple.
How much does it cost to go to ...? Quel est le prix jusqu'a ...? Kel e le zhyuska with ...?
Take me to ... Deposez-moi a ... Depoze mua but ...
Take me to the airport. Deposez-moi a l'aeroport. Depoze mua a lyaeropor.
Take me to the train station. Deposez-moi a la gare. Depoze mua a la Gard.
Take me to the hotel. Deposez-moi a l'hotel. Depoze mua a letel.
Take me to this address. Conduisez-moi a cette adresse, s'il vous plait. Kondyuize mua a SET adres strengths Wu ple.
The left. A gauche. A Ghosh.
On the right. A droite. A druat.
Straight. Tout droit. Tu drua.
Stop here, please. Arretez ici, s'il vous plait. Arete IIS, strong Wu ple.
You could not wait for me? Pourriez-vouz m'attendre? Pure Wu matandr?
I am the first time in Paris. Je suis a Paris pour la premiere fois. Same syui and wagers SDIs To Prime foie.
I have never been. It is very nice Je ne suis jamais venu ici. C'est tres beau did not syui zhame Venu IIS. Se tre bo
Shopping
Show me please, it is. Montrez-moi cela, s'il vous plait. Montre mua selya, strong Wu ple.
I wanted to (a) would be ... Je voudrais ... Же vudre ...
Give me, please. Donnez-moi cela, s'il vous plait. Done mua selya, strong Wu ple.
How much does it cost? Combien ca coute? Kombyan sa Kut?
How much does it cost? C'est combien? Se kombyan?
Please write it. Ecrivez-le, s'il vous plait le Ekrive, strong Wu ple
Too expensive. C'est trop cher. Se SRW share.
It is expensive / cheap. C'est cher / bon marche Se share / Coupons marshe
Sale. Soldes / Promotions / Ventes. Szold / Promotion / guys
Can I do to try? Puis-je l'essayer? Pyuizh l'eseye?
Where is the fitting booth? Ou est la cabine d'essayage? A To Z booths deseyyazh?
My size 44 Je porte du quarante-quatre. Port du kyarant kyatr.
Do you have this size XL? Avez-vous cela en XL? Ave Wu selya Al iksel?
This is what size? (clothes)? C'est quelle taille? Se Kel tie?
This is what size? (footwear) C'est quelle pointure? Se Kel puantyur?
I need a size ... J'ai besoin de la taille / pointure ... Zhe bezuan de la tie / puantyur
Do you ....? Avez-vous ...? Ave woo ...?
Do you accept credit cards? Acceptez-vous les cartes de credit? Akseptevu le de credit cards?
Do you exchange? Avez-vous un bureau de change? He Avevu Bureau de шанж?
Until that hour you work? A quelle heure fermez-vous? A Kel UF ferme Wu?
Whose is the production? Ou est-il fabrique? Do ethyl factory?
At the train station
How much is the train to Paris? A quelle heure arrive le train pour Paris? A Kel EP ariv le transport pour Paris?
On what platform the train arrives in Brussels? A quelle voie arrive le train pour Bruxelles? A Kel ariv Voix pour le transport bryusel?
Tell me where the ticket office? Ou se trouve le guichet? U se le truv gyuishe?
Please, for 2 adults and 1 child ticket to Paris, 2 class. Deux billets adultes et un billet enfant pour Paris en 2eme classe, s'il vous plait. De biye adyult eton biye pour bet Al dezem class strengths Wu ple.
Please ticket on the day for an adult and a child. Un billet circulaire d'un jour pour l'adulte et un pour l'enfant, s'il vous plait. He biye sirkyuler dong magazine pour lyadyult e pour lyanfan, strong Wu ple
How much is the ticket? Combien coute un billet? Kombyan Kut he biye?
How much? Combien? Kombyan?
Where is the train schedule? Ou se trouve l'horaire des trains? U se truv lerer de tran
Inscriptions
Entree Login
Sortie Exit
Chambres libres There are rooms available
Complet No vacancies
Ouvert / Ferme Open / Closed
Interdit prohibited
Police Police
Toilettes, WC Toilet
Hommes / Femmes (Messieurs / Dames) Men / Women
Renseignements Information
Gratuit Free
Libre / Occupe Free / Busy
Ne pas toucher! Do not touch
Propriete privee Private Property
Tirez to itself
Poussez from a
Bill
0 zero Zero
1 en un
2 deux doe
3 trois trois
4 quatre kyatr
5 cinq SENC
6 six systems
7 sept EST
8 huit uit
9 neuf noef
10 dix dis
11 onze DHS
12 douze Douz
13 treize trez
14 quatorze kyatorz
15 quinze kenz
16 seize SEZ
17 dix-sept diset
18 dix-huit dizyuit
19 dix-neuf diznoef
20 vingt van
21 vingt et un van en te
22 vingt-deux van doe
30 trente Trant
40 quarante kyarant
50 cinquante senkant
60 soixante suasant
70 soixante-dix suasan dis
71 soixante et onze suasan te DHS
72 soixante-douze suasan Douz
73 soixante-treize suasan trez
74 soixante-quatorze suasan kyatorz
75 soixante-quinze suasan kenz
76 soixante-seize suasan SEZ
77 soixante-dix-sept suasan diset
78 soixante-dix-huit suasan dizyuit
79 soixante-dix-neuf suasan diznoef
80 quatre-vingt (s) kyatroven
81 quatre-vingt et un kyatroven te en
82 quatre-vingt-deux kyatroven doe
90 quatre-vingt-dix kyatroven dis
91 quatre-vingt et onze kyatroven te DHS
92 quatre-vingt-douze kyatroven Douz
100 cent san
101 cent un San Tan
200 deux cent (s) doe san
300 trois cent (s) San trois
400 quatre cent (s) kyatro san
500 cinq cent (s) San San
600 six cent (s) si san
700 sept cent (s) San EST
800 huit cent (s) ui san
900 neuf cent (s) noef san
1000 mille miles
2000 deux mille doe miles
10 000 miles de dix mille
100 000 cent mille san miles
1 000 000 un million en Miyone
- Standard French sound "r" is pronounced as follows: Language incurve back to the sky, preventing the passage of air flow, and the tip of the language is flat, upirayas in the front lower teeth.
- To transfer the sound of French "eu", where essentially to the understanding, are two Russian letters "th" put together. For the correct pronunciation sound only slightly rounded lips (tongue lies flat) and try to say in such a position "to" thinking about "e".
- Emphasis in French falls on the last syllable.
- The French are very proud of their language. Therefore, even if you are going to communicate in English, to start any question or proposal is with the standard phrase: "Excusez-moi, parlez-vous anglais?"
First a few words
Yes. Oui. Ui.
No. Non. Non.
Please. S'il vous plait. Strong Wu ple.
Thank you. Merci. Mercy.
Thank you very much. Merci beaucoup. Mersey side.
Hello (Good day). Bonjour. Bonzhur.
Good evening. Bonsoir. Bonsuar.
Hi. Salut. Salut.
Excuse me (to attract attention). Excusez-moi. Ekskyuze mua.
Sorry. Pardon. Sorry.
Do you speak in English? Parlez-vous anglais? Parlier Wu England?
Do you speak in Russian? Parlez-vous russe? Parlier Wu ryus?
Unfortunately, I do not speak French. Desole, je ne parle pas francais. Dezole, NOE Handbook parliament also Pas Français.
I do not understand. Je ne comprends pas. Same NOE Handbook kompran PA.
Where is ...? Ou se trouve ...? In ASE truv ...?
Where is ...? Ou se trouvent ...? In ASE truv ...?
Emergencies
Help! Au secours! About sekur!
Call the police! Appelez la police! Aple To Polis!
Call a doctor. Appelez un medecin! Aple al medsen!
I lost! Je me suis egare (e) less Же SUI egare.
Keep the thief! Au voleur! About Volery!
Fire! Au feu! About Fe!
I have a (small) problem J'ai un (petit) probleme same ene (Petit) problems
Help me please Aidez-moi, s'il vous plait ede mua powerful Wu ple
What's with you? Que vous arrive-t-il? Til Ke vuzariv
I badly J'ai un malaise same (about) ene malez
I feel sick J'ai mal au coeur Же mal e Ker
I have a headache / stomach J'ai mal a la tete / au ventre Же mal a la tet / on vantr
I broke a leg Je me suis casse la jambe Же less syui kase lyazhamb
Greetings and politeness formula
Good day. Bonjour. Bonzhur.
Good evening. Bonsoir. Bonsuar.
So far, / Hi. Salut. Salut.
Good night Bonne nuit. Bon NUITS.
Goodbye. Au revoir. About revuar.
See you soon. A bientot. A byanto.
So far (in Belgium) A tantot A Tanto
Good luck. Bonne chance. Bon chance.
Good day. Bonne journee. Bon zhurne.
Good Weekend ENDA Bon week-end of Bon uikan
Until tomorrow A demain A deman
Before the evening A ce soir And behold XUAR
Bon Appetit Bon appetit Bon apeti
Your health (table) A votre sante! A votr sante
Be healthy (in parting) Portez-vous bien! Porte Wu byan
Be healthy (when sneezing) A vos souhaits! And in Swe
This is Mr. Duran. C'est monsieur Durand. Se Monsieur Durand.
This is Ms. Duran. C'est madame Durand. Se Madame Durand
This mademoiselle Duran. C'est mademoiselle Durand. Se madmuazel Duran
What's your name? Comment vous appellez-vous? Coman vuzaple-woo
What is your name? Comment t'appelles-tu? Coman tapel tyu
My name is Peter, Mr. Smirnov Je m'appelle Petia (Monsieur Smirnov) Же mapel Peter (Monsieur Smirnov)
It is nice Enchante (e) Anshante
How are you? Ca va? Ca va?
All is well. And you? Tres bien. Et vous? Tre byan. E Wu?
How are you? Comment allez-vous? Coman ale-wu
How are you? Comment vas-tu? Coman wa tyu
So imagine Comme ci, comme ca COMSA - COMSA
How old are you? Quel age avez-vous? Kel already ave Wu
How old are you? Quel age as-tu? Kel much as tyu
Where are you from originally? D'ou venez-vous? D'u vene Wu
I'm from Russia, are you? Je viens de Russie, et vous? Same vyan de Ryusi e Wu
Pass (the) welcomed parents (Mr Petrov) / (ofits.var.) Dites bonjour a vos parents (monsieur Petrov) / Mes salutations a ... able coupons in a magazine a couple (a) (Monsieur Petrov) / DOE salyutason and ...
The search for understanding
Do you speak in Russian? Parlez-vous russe? Parlier Wu ryus?
Do you speak in English? Parlez-vous anglais? Parlier Wu England?
You understand? Comprenez-vous? Komprene Vu?
I understand. Je comprends. Same kompran.
I do not understand. Je ne comprends pas. Same NOE Handbook kompran PA.
Here someone spoke in English? Est-ce que quelqu'un ici parle anglais? Al-ke kelken ISI Parliament England?
Could you speak more slowly? Pourriez-vous parler moins vite? Pure Wu parliament muen Wit?
Repeat, please. Repetez, s'il vous plait. Repete, strong Wu ple.
Please write it. Ecrivez-le, s'il vous plait. Ekrive Le, strong Wu ple.
Standard requests and questions
You could not give me ...? Pourriez-vous me donner ...? Pure Wu less done ...?
You could not give us ...? Pourriez-vous nous donner ...? Pure woo well done ...?
You could not show me ...? Pourriez-vous me montrer ...? Pure Wu IU montre ...?
You could not tell me ...? Pourriez-vous me dire ...? Pure Wu IU dir ...?
You could not help me ...? Pourriez-vous m'aider ...? Pure Wu m'ede ...?
I would like to ... Je voudrais ... Же vudre ...
We would like to ... Nous voudrions ... Well ... vudriyon
Please give me ... Donnez-moi, s'il vous plait ... Done mua, strong Wu ple ...
Give me this, please ... Donnez-moi cela, s'il vous plait ... Done mua selya, strong Wu ple ...
Show me ... Montrez-moi ... Montre mua ...
Tell me, how long? Quelle heure est-il, s'il vous plait? Kel EP ethylene, strong Wu ple?
Which of today? Quelle date sommes-nous? Kel dates som nu?
Which day of the week today? Quel jour de la semaine sommes-nous? Kel journalists sharing semen som nu?
What will the weather tomorrow? Quel temps fera-t-il demain? Kel there feratil deman?
What is it? Qu'est-ce que c'est? CES ke ASE
What is happening here? Que se passe-t-il ici? CES pass Till IIS?
At the airport
Here's my ticket Voici mon billet Vuasi mon Biya
Please place non-smoking (smoking) Une place non-fumeur (fumeur) s'il vous plait Yuen Plus non-fyumer (fyumer)
Tell me, where is exit? Ou est la sortie, s'il vous plait? A To Z class strengths Wu ple?
I must meet. J'ai un rendez-vous. Zhe He Rendezvous
Please give the announcement that Mr. Smirnov has arrived and is waiting for a reference bureau. S'il vous plait donnez une annonce que monsieur Smirnov est arrive et attend pres du bureau des renseignements. Strong ple done Yuen Woo announce ment m (n) ese Smirnov etarive e atan EAR d (n) th Bureau de ranseneman.
Boarding pass Sarte d'embarquement Maps dambarkeman
Where is the exit to landing № ...? Ou est la sortie ... ? A To Z сорти ... ?
Where to park the taxi? Ou est la station de taxis? A To Z stason de taxi?
Where registration in Moscow? Ou est l'enregistrement pour Moscou? U e lyanrezhistreman pour Moscow
Passport control and customs
Passport control. Controle des passeports Control de passport.
Here's my passport. Voici mon passeport. Vuasi mon passport.
This is my baggage. Voici mes bagages. Vuasi less baggage.
I am here for the rest. Je suis en vacances. Same SUI Al vacancies.
I'm here for. C'est le voyage d'affaires. Se le voyage d'afer.
Sorry, I do not understand. Desole, je ne comprends pas. Dezole, the same NOE Handbook kompran PA.
Customs. Douane. Duan.
I have nothing to declare. Je n'ai rien a declarer. As zealously as NOE Handbook deklyare.
These things for personal use. Ce sont les affaires personnelles. Se son lezaffer personel.
This is a gift. C'est un cadeau. SET en kado.
Exchanging money
Where is the nearest exchange? Ou se trouve le bureau de change le plus proche? In ASE truv le bureau de la шанж plyu past?
You can change these travelers checks? Remboursez-vous ces cheques de voyage? Wu Ramburse ASE NIS de voyage?
What is the exchange rate?. Quel est le cours de change? Kel e le chickens de шанж?
What's the commission? Cela fait combien, la commission? Selya PV kombyan, la Comisión?
I want to exchange dollars for francs. Je voudrais changer des dollars US contre les francs francais. Same vudre шанже de dolyar U.S. Français contre le Franc.
How do I get for $ 100? Combien toucherai-je pour cent dollars? Kombyan tushrezh pour san dolyar?
Until that hour you work? A quelle heure etes-vous ferme? A Kel EP etvu ferme?
Hotel
Can I reserve a room? Puis-je reserver une chambre? Pyuizh rezerve Yuen Chambrier?
Number one. Une chambre pour une personne. Un pour Chambrier Yuen persons.
Chambre individuelle Chambrier andividyuel.
Double room. Une chambre pour deux personnes. Un pour de Chambrier persons.
Chambre double. Chambrier double
Not very expensive. Pas tres cher. Pa tre SHARE.
Bon Bon marche marshe
How much is a room at night? Combien coute cette chambre par nuit? Kombyan Kut NUITS SET Chambrier couples?
On one night (two nights) Pour une nuit (deux nuits) Pur Yuen nyui (de nyui)
I would like to room with telephone, TV and bar. Je voudrais une chambre avec un telephone, une television et un bar. Same vudre Yuen Chambrier AVEC he telefon Yuen televizon he e bar
I zabronirovala room under the name Catherine J'ai reserve une chambre au nom de Katrine. Yong Zhe rezerve Chambrier of Mr. de Catherine
Please give me, the keys to the rooms. Je voudrais la clef de ma chambre. Same vudre To klef de ma Chambrier
Is there a message for me? Avez-vous des messages pour moi? Avevu de mesazh pour mua?
In that hour you have breakfast? A quelle heure servez-vous le petit dejeuner? A Kel EP servevu talk dezhene?
Hello, reception, could not you wake me tomorrow at 7 am? Allo, la reception, pouvez-vous me reveiller demain matin a 7 heures? But to woo less reseptson puve reveye deman Matan and SET (M) UF?
I would like to settle. Je voudrais regler la note. Same vudre regle to music.
I pay cash. Je vais payer en especes. Same RE peye Al espes.
Restaurant
Do you have a table for two? Avez-vous une table pour deux? Avevu tablets yun pour de?
Please coffee with milk and croissant. Un cafe au lait avec un croissant, s'il vous plait. He café ole AVEC he croissant strong Wu ple
I'll take a glass of beer Je prendrai un verre de biere Же prandre he RES de Biere
Sorry, but this is too spicy dish. Excusez-moi, mais c'est un plat trop piquant. Ekskyuze mua DOE plans seton SRW peak
How delicious! Comme c'est delicieux! Room SE delise
Une serviette napkin Yuen servet
Une fourchette fork Yuen buffet
spoon Une cuillere Yun kyuer
Un couteau knife He kuto
Une assiette plate Yuen aset
Un verre glass He RES
I prefer vegetarian meals Je prefere les plats vegetariens also prefer LAYE plans vezhetaryan
What would you like for breakfast? Que desirez-vous pour le petit dejeuner? Ke Wu dezire pour le petit dezhene?
I would like sandwiches with ham, cheese omelet and a glass of orange juice. Je prendrai un sandwich jambon et fromage, une omelette et un verre du jus d'orange. He also prandre sandwich zhambon e fromazh Yuen omlet e he RES du жю doranzh
Tea with sugar Un the au sucre He te on syukr
Tea without sugar Un the sans sucre He te san syukr
Juice with ice Un jus avec des glacons He жю AVEC de glason
Juice without ice Jus sans glacons жю San glason
Hot Tres chaud tre sho
Warm chaud sho
Cold froid FROID
Bread du pain du Pan
red (white) wine, vin rouge (blanc) Van Rouge (Blanc)
Waiter, the bill, please Garcon, l'addition s'il vous plait. garcon lyadison strong Wu ple
Do you accept credit cards? Acceptez-vous les cartes de credit? Akseptevu LAYE maps de kredi
Orientation in the city
I'm looking for ... Je cherche ... Же shersh ...
My hotel mon mon hotel otel
Tourist office l'office de tourisme de lefis tourism
Telephone automatic une cabine telephonique University booths telefonik
pharmacy la pharmacie To farmasi
Supermarket le supermarche le syupermarshe
email le bureau de poste Le Bureau de Post
How do I go to the Elysée fields? Comment puis-je aller aux Champs Elysees? Coman pyuizh ale on shamzelize
Could you please hold me until Pourriez-vous m'accompagner a ... Purevu makompane and ...
Where is the accommodation of people with disabilities? Ou se trouvent les Invalides? U se truv lezanvalid
Where taksostoyanka? Ou se trouve la station de taxi? U se truv To stason de taxi
Where is the nearest subway station? Ou est la station de metro la plus proche? A To Z stason metro de la plyu past?
Where is the nearest bank? Ou se trouve la banque la plus proche? U se truv To Bank To plyu past
Taxis
Where can I take a taxi? Ou puis-je prendre un taxi? Do pyuizh prandr en taxi?
Taxi, please. Appelez le taxi, s'il vous plait. Aple le taxi strong Wu ple.
How much does it cost to go to ...? Quel est le prix jusqu'a ...? Kel e le zhyuska with ...?
Take me to ... Deposez-moi a ... Depoze mua but ...
Take me to the airport. Deposez-moi a l'aeroport. Depoze mua a lyaeropor.
Take me to the train station. Deposez-moi a la gare. Depoze mua a la Gard.
Take me to the hotel. Deposez-moi a l'hotel. Depoze mua a letel.
Take me to this address. Conduisez-moi a cette adresse, s'il vous plait. Kondyuize mua a SET adres strengths Wu ple.
The left. A gauche. A Ghosh.
On the right. A droite. A druat.
Straight. Tout droit. Tu drua.
Stop here, please. Arretez ici, s'il vous plait. Arete IIS, strong Wu ple.
You could not wait for me? Pourriez-vouz m'attendre? Pure Wu matandr?
I am the first time in Paris. Je suis a Paris pour la premiere fois. Same syui and wagers SDIs To Prime foie.
I have never been. It is very nice Je ne suis jamais venu ici. C'est tres beau did not syui zhame Venu IIS. Se tre bo
Shopping
Show me please, it is. Montrez-moi cela, s'il vous plait. Montre mua selya, strong Wu ple.
I wanted to (a) would be ... Je voudrais ... Же vudre ...
Give me, please. Donnez-moi cela, s'il vous plait. Done mua selya, strong Wu ple.
How much does it cost? Combien ca coute? Kombyan sa Kut?
How much does it cost? C'est combien? Se kombyan?
Please write it. Ecrivez-le, s'il vous plait le Ekrive, strong Wu ple
Too expensive. C'est trop cher. Se SRW share.
It is expensive / cheap. C'est cher / bon marche Se share / Coupons marshe
Sale. Soldes / Promotions / Ventes. Szold / Promotion / guys
Can I do to try? Puis-je l'essayer? Pyuizh l'eseye?
Where is the fitting booth? Ou est la cabine d'essayage? A To Z booths deseyyazh?
My size 44 Je porte du quarante-quatre. Port du kyarant kyatr.
Do you have this size XL? Avez-vous cela en XL? Ave Wu selya Al iksel?
This is what size? (clothes)? C'est quelle taille? Se Kel tie?
This is what size? (footwear) C'est quelle pointure? Se Kel puantyur?
I need a size ... J'ai besoin de la taille / pointure ... Zhe bezuan de la tie / puantyur
Do you ....? Avez-vous ...? Ave woo ...?
Do you accept credit cards? Acceptez-vous les cartes de credit? Akseptevu le de credit cards?
Do you exchange? Avez-vous un bureau de change? He Avevu Bureau de шанж?
Until that hour you work? A quelle heure fermez-vous? A Kel UF ferme Wu?
Whose is the production? Ou est-il fabrique? Do ethyl factory?
At the train station
How much is the train to Paris? A quelle heure arrive le train pour Paris? A Kel EP ariv le transport pour Paris?
On what platform the train arrives in Brussels? A quelle voie arrive le train pour Bruxelles? A Kel ariv Voix pour le transport bryusel?
Tell me where the ticket office? Ou se trouve le guichet? U se le truv gyuishe?
Please, for 2 adults and 1 child ticket to Paris, 2 class. Deux billets adultes et un billet enfant pour Paris en 2eme classe, s'il vous plait. De biye adyult eton biye pour bet Al dezem class strengths Wu ple.
Please ticket on the day for an adult and a child. Un billet circulaire d'un jour pour l'adulte et un pour l'enfant, s'il vous plait. He biye sirkyuler dong magazine pour lyadyult e pour lyanfan, strong Wu ple
How much is the ticket? Combien coute un billet? Kombyan Kut he biye?
How much? Combien? Kombyan?
Where is the train schedule? Ou se trouve l'horaire des trains? U se truv lerer de tran
Inscriptions
Entree Login
Sortie Exit
Chambres libres There are rooms available
Complet No vacancies
Ouvert / Ferme Open / Closed
Interdit prohibited
Police Police
Toilettes, WC Toilet
Hommes / Femmes (Messieurs / Dames) Men / Women
Renseignements Information
Gratuit Free
Libre / Occupe Free / Busy
Ne pas toucher! Do not touch
Propriete privee Private Property
Tirez to itself
Poussez from a
Bill
0 zero Zero
1 en un
2 deux doe
3 trois trois
4 quatre kyatr
5 cinq SENC
6 six systems
7 sept EST
8 huit uit
9 neuf noef
10 dix dis
11 onze DHS
12 douze Douz
13 treize trez
14 quatorze kyatorz
15 quinze kenz
16 seize SEZ
17 dix-sept diset
18 dix-huit dizyuit
19 dix-neuf diznoef
20 vingt van
21 vingt et un van en te
22 vingt-deux van doe
30 trente Trant
40 quarante kyarant
50 cinquante senkant
60 soixante suasant
70 soixante-dix suasan dis
71 soixante et onze suasan te DHS
72 soixante-douze suasan Douz
73 soixante-treize suasan trez
74 soixante-quatorze suasan kyatorz
75 soixante-quinze suasan kenz
76 soixante-seize suasan SEZ
77 soixante-dix-sept suasan diset
78 soixante-dix-huit suasan dizyuit
79 soixante-dix-neuf suasan diznoef
80 quatre-vingt (s) kyatroven
81 quatre-vingt et un kyatroven te en
82 quatre-vingt-deux kyatroven doe
90 quatre-vingt-dix kyatroven dis
91 quatre-vingt et onze kyatroven te DHS
92 quatre-vingt-douze kyatroven Douz
100 cent san
101 cent un San Tan
200 deux cent (s) doe san
300 trois cent (s) San trois
400 quatre cent (s) kyatro san
500 cinq cent (s) San San
600 six cent (s) si san
700 sept cent (s) San EST
800 huit cent (s) ui san
900 neuf cent (s) noef san
1000 mille miles
2000 deux mille doe miles
10 000 miles de dix mille
100 000 cent mille san miles
1 000 000 un million en Miyone
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