History of Paris

 
Paris - the capital of France. Paris came in I in. BC. e. Cité on the island, where it is now the oldest part. During the famous gallic hikes Romans built a fortress here lutetium. City got its name from Gallic Parisi tribe who inhabited this place before the new era. The city grew around its ancient nucleus - Cité island. Urban neighborhoods spread in the valley of the Seine, on the hills of Montmartre, Valérien. Connected bridges Seine with its beautiful hills and shady embankments de bark extraordinarily beautiful city. The river divides the city into two almost equal parts. 
The banks of the Seine in the Greater Paris connecting 60 bridges. On the quay are visible islands of Saint Louis Cathedral and the Cité from Notre Dame de Paris (Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris) - architectural monument of the early Gothic. He was laid to 1163g. and was built almost two hundred years. Once his 90-meter bell tower was the highest in the city, and the bell tysyachepudovy today «interpretation» of the days of national holidays. In the days of solemn cathedral holds about 10 thousand people. Inside the cathedral, several bodies associated with the Messiah. With the towers of a cathedral, with a height of 68m, a wonderful view on Paris and its center. 
Arkolsky bridge output from the Cathedral of Our Lady at the Paris Town Hall Square. At one time it was called Grevskaya and a place of public execution of criminals. In its center stood scaffold, horrified at the thought Parisians. Then in a westerly direction along the street Rivoli or the Seine embankment in the Louvre - the famous Museum of Art. Its exhibition space is almost 200 thousand m2. In the halls of the Louvre about 8 thousands of paintings and sculptures of different countries and times. Louvre includes seven main divisions, known museums: Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, Greece and Rome, the Museum of Oriental Antiquities, Museum of Sculpture of Middle Ages and the Renaissance, art museum, the Museum of Decorative Arts. Widely known such masterpieces stored here, as the Nike of Samothrace, celebrated Venus Milosskaya. There are marble statues «slaves» Michelangelo sculpted works of Donatello, Benvenuto Cellini and other Italian sculptor. In the Louvre exhibited the great creations of artists included in the world history of art, including the «Mona Lisa» Leonardo da Vinci, unique paintings by Raphael and Titian, Botticelli, Rubens, Velazquez, El Greco, Dürer, Van Dyck, a rich collection of French painting of XVII-XIX cc.: Poussin, David, Delacroix, Courbet, etc. 
On the area of Carousel is the Triumphal Arch, to immortalize the victory of Napoleon in the 1805-1806 biennium. For an arc from the Tuileries Gardens. The main part of it retained the original layout of the XVII century. In the garden presented a marble sculpture of the XVII-XVIII cc. For high openwork lattice, clearing a garden in the west, the main area of the French capital - Place de la Concorde. It was established in the 1753-1775 biennium. (architect Jean A. Gabriel) in honor of Louis XV. In the center of the square raised equestrian statue of Louis XV, in the overthrow 1792g., And the area became known as the Place de la Concorde. In 1836g. on-site architect of the royal statues of J. Loeb found the Egyptian obelisk in height of almost 23m, brought from Luxor, the palace of the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II. Obelisk more than thirty centuries. On both sides of the obelisk fountain with two sculptural allegories of the seas and rivers. Complete area of a circle of eight statues embodying the major French cities: Marseille, Lyon, Nantes, Rouen, Bordeaux, Brest, Lille and Strasbourg. 
From Place de la Concorde Champs Elysées start - one of the main arteries of Paris. Champs Elysées found the most beautiful street of the world. These are two of drowning in the green platanov and chestnuts broad boulevard. Around chetyrehstah meters from the Place de la Concorde, behind trees, is located Elysee Palace - the residence of the President of the French Republic. At the entrance to the palace are serving Guardsmen, dressed in the form of Napoleon's time. 
After another three hundred-odd meters of park area of the Champs Elysees ends and begins the second, longer part, built-up residential buildings with a typical Parisian high attics. In the first floors of the huge mirror showcases - expensive shops, restaurants, cafes and cinemas. Sidewalks along which grow the famous Parisian chestnuts, filled with a lively crowd. Champs Elysées - the place where it is possible to walk at any time of day. Especially impressive panorama of the area of the Champs Elysees Etoile. In the evenings over the prospect lights many lamps - white, blue, pink, yellow, which makes this line special holidays, distinguish it from other leaflets in Paris. 
Area Etoile is impressive not only because of the huge size of the Arc de Triomphe, standing in the center, but also because the waste from the rays of the twelve streets open in all directions far. Triumphal Arch of almost 50 meters high was erected in memory of Battle of Austerlitz. Under its arches of the tomb of the Unknown Soldier and the Eternal flame. In the period 1982-1986. at the «Royal axis» with the Triumphal Arch erected Most arch - monumental gate, a monument to President Mitterrand. The size of the arch is impressive: the height of 110 m, width of 106 meters from the roof of the Great Arch of the magnificent views of the La Défense - district of Paris, built ultramodern high-rise buildings. 
Fosh Street area of Charles de Gaulle is Bulonskomu the forest, one of the favorite place for entertainment and Parisians. This wonderful park covers nearly 900ga, in the alleys for walking and riding, lakes, ponds with islands, streams, water cascades, a great race track, zoo, restaurants and various pavilions. Near the park are aristocratic neighborhoods. 
On the right bank of the Seine is Chaillot Palace. His name, he is obliged to the old medieval castle. From the Arc de Triomphe to the street Kleber is aimed strictly at right angles Elysee fields. In the eastern wing of the palace is located underground theater for 3000 spectators, the scene of his under Seine. In the opposite wing of the Museum hosted the world and human civilization that combines remarkable ethnographic and anthropological collections, where the viewer can become acquainted with the art and material culture of peoples all over the world from ancient times to the present day. 
In the immediate vicinity of the Louvre, there are two interesting complex - Palais Royal and the Vendôme square. Palais Royal was built in the 1620's was for Cardinal Richelieu, and presented them with the royal family, and determined that his name (Royal Palace). Now in its Ministry of Culture. Vicinity of the palace stands a building celebrated French Comedy Theater Frances. 
Vendôme Square - one of the most beautiful squares of Paris, a wonderful piece of French urban planning in the XVII. It was constructed during the reign of Louis XIV at the site razed the palace of Duke Vendôme, hence its name. Column of Glory, height 43m ahead midway Square, erected in 1806 - 1810 biennium. architect Jacques Le pen in honor of victory in the Napoleonic army 1805g. - Like the famous Column of Trajan in Rome. It is cast from guns captured by Napoleon at Austerlitz. A column like about Vita spiral ribbon length 273m with world bas-relief depicting fighting Frenchman American army, and surmounted by a statue of Napoleon. 
Vicinity of the Vendôme Square, the Royal Street, stands mnogokolonnaya Madeleine church, which is very much like an ancient temple. Inside the church is finished with great luxury, it is the «velikosvetskoy» Church of Paris. On the steps of the eastern portal is a beautiful flower market. 
From the Madeleine Church in the north-easterly direction to extend the area of le Marais Bastille. Selected portions of the streets have names: Boulevard Madeleine, Capuchins, Italian, Montmartre, Puassoner, Bon Well-Vel, Saint-Denis and Saint-Martin, lead to the Republic Square. From the Republic Square line boulevard (Boulevard Tampl and Beaumarchais) goes to the south, bringing in the Bastille area. 
Great boulevards in the city occupy an important place. This is the traditional place of festivities. There are a huge number of shops, restaurants, bars. Especially a lot of cafes in almost every home of one - two to each - rows of tables, which sit under colorful tents and umbrellas visitors. Great boulevards are not as fashionable as Eli-seyskie Paul, but surpass the primary metropolitan highway diverse public and special, just typical Parisian boulevard in the pace of street life. It is not considered that great boulevards - the person in Paris. 
At Boulevard Capuchins highlights the Paris opera house - «Grand Opera». It is one of the largest theater building in the world. The auditorium, designed in purple-golden color, up to 2200 seats. It is luxuriously decorated with stucco decorations. Unusually richly finished main staircase and the main foyer. On the stage were top singers and dancers. The stage is huge, and stage management is difficult and technically perfect. A number of technical facilities located in five underground floors. In the lower floor is the world's largest repository of gramophones records with unique records. 
Boulevard Saint-Martin leads to the Republic Square. It has a long rectangular shape. In the center of a bronze statue of the Republic, established in 1883g. Hence, in a south-easterly direction at odds several streets: Street Republic, leading to the famous cemetery Per-Lashez, Boulevard Voltaire, ending at the square Nation, and Tampl Boulevard, which leads to the Bastille square. 
Bastille Square recalls the revolutionary past, the French capital. Once at the site raised a fortress, built back in the 70's in the XIV century. when King Charles V, and served as a prison. Bastille was a place of confinement of such famous prisoners as the «Iron Mask», Voltaire, Mirabeau - July 14, 1789g. insurgent attack the people of Paris took the terrible prison, which has seen a symbol of despotism. After the fall of Bastille was sryta to the ground. July 14 was the day for the French national holiday. In the 1831-1840 biennium. on the square was erected July column height of 47m in the memory of martyrs of the revolution in 1830, their names are engraved on the column. The summit is crowned by a gilded figure of the winged genius of Liberty sculptor Dumont. In the ensemble of the area is super-modern building of the New Opera House, opened in 1989. 
From the Bastille area to the eastern side street leads Fobur Saint-Antoine, enter into a large area of the Nation. As the area of Charles de Gaulle, from the different sides of the street is moving away, out of which the largest and wide - Avenue de Cour Vensen. This street runs in an easterly direction to Vensenskomu the forest, the second largest park in Paris after Bulonskogo. Its territory is about 900ga, of which about one-third occupied by meadows and large fields. This beautiful deciduous trees, winding alleys and paths, lakes with small islands. Vensen - a popular place for recreation residents of the eastern and northern parts of the city.