Science

French scientists have made great contributions to world science. Naturalists Ламарк J. and G. Cuvier established evolutionary theory, laying the foundation of Darwinism. Microbiologists L. Pasteur developed the methods of safety of vaccines against various infectious diseases. In the intimate secrets of nature into physics becquerels, P. Curie, M. Curie Skladovskaya, P. Langevin, wife Joliot-Curie investigating radioactive chemical elements. Their opening infinitely expanded authority over the forces of human nature. 
The great French educators - F. Walter, D. Diderot, Jacques Rousseau and others - the principle of reason, to defend human rights, opposed the birth of inequality, the Catholic Church and arbitrariness. Playwright Jean Moliere and fabulist Jean Lafontaine expressed in his works the ideas of humanism, flagellate lies, greed, ignorance, hypocrisy and stupidity. The largest writer Victor Hugo's acted as the defender of republican democratic ideas during the reaction, after the defeat of the revolutions 1830 and 1848 he worked. 
The feeling of sincere friendship and multi-year joint work connected Russian biologist II Mechnikov and the French scientist L. Pasteur; friends were Igor S. and G. Flobe Turgenev, Gorky, and R. Rolland.